Two formulations of the herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) - the butyl ester (BE) and the propylene glycol butyl ether ester (PGBEE) -- had 96-h LC50's to cutthroat trout and lake trout ranging from 490 to 1,200 microgram/liter in static tests. A third formulation -- the isooctyl ester (IE) -- was not toxic to cutthroat trout or lake trout at concentrations below 60.000 microgram/liter. The butyl ester (2,4-D BE) was slightly more toxic than 2,4-D PGBEE, and the toxicity of both esters increased as water temperature decreased.

This guide focuses on the most problematic weeds in eastern North America for which there are at least some biocontrol agents established and/or available. Multiple photos and descriptions of each weed included in this guide emphasize key identification traits and plant ecology. For each weed included in this guide, all biocontrol agents released or currently found in North America are described individually. Photos highlighting key identification features and damage are included. The release history, current status, and recommended use of each biocontrol agent are described in detail. Recommendations and current impact often vary between the US and Canada, therefore, the information is presented separately. Includes international code of best practices for classical biological control of weeds.

Set includes revised editions of some issues.

Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.