Despite efforts by Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries to tackle environmental problems, there are still a number of serious environmental problems that require immediate and urgent action. The Environmental Action Programme (EAP) provides a framework and guide for identifying the highest priority problems and for developing realistic, efficient and cost-effective solutions. This book describes the features of the broad strategy and action framework that EAP represents. Annexes provide summaries of topics such as human health problems and pollution "hot-spots"; the impact of economic reform and industrial restructuring; and priorities for environmental expenditure. Boxes discuss nitrates in drinking water in Romania, short-term threats to the environment in Russia, and debt-for-environment swaps in Poland.

An in-depth survey of the region presenting the latest economic and political developments. It includes expert comment on issues of regional importance, up-to-date statistics, a directory of institutes and companies and political profiles.

Comprises: a general survey of the region; country surveys; political profiles of the region; and information on international and regional organizations, and research institutes.

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Describes progress being made - and barriers to progress - on environmental policies and programmes in the countries of Eastern Europe, Causasus and Central Asia.