A volume on the pricing of gas in international trade. Gas accounts for around 25% of global energy demand and international gas trade is growing rapidly. The book covers the development of international gas pricing in all regions of the world where gas is traded, and considers whether gas could become a global market.

Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or 'high-tech' goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring 'horizontal-ish' policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.

Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book examines how China can increase the share of natural gas in its energy system. China’s energy strategy has global ramifications and impact, and central to this strategy is the country’s transition from coal to gas. The book presents the culmination of a two-year collaboration between the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) and Shell. With the Chinese government’s strategic aim to increase the share of gas in the energy mix from 5.8% in 2014 to 10% and 15% in 2020 and 2030 respectively, the book outlines how China can achieve its gas targets. Providing both quantifiable metrics and policy measures for the transition, it is a much needed addition to the literature on Chinese energy policy. The research and the resulting recommendations of this study have fed directly into the Chinese government’s 13th Five-Year Plan, and provide unique insights into the Chinese government and policy-making. Due to its global impact, the book is a valuable resource for policy makers in both China and the rest of the world.

This publication is the most comprehensive international book on arbitration in Argentina. It provides a complete description and analysis of the historical and contemporary structure of arbitration law and practice in the country, which is based on the UNCITRAL Model Law. Its chapters are authored by many of the most regarded Argentine authorities, many of whom are responsible for drafting Argentina’s current arbitration regulation. Throughout its thirty-one chapters, the book covers an ample number of topics in commercial and investment arbitration, and an exhaustive analysis of arbitration in different specific fields (energy, sports, consumers, among others). Some of the topics addressed in this book include the following: regulatory framework of arbitration in Argentina; arbitration agreements; arbitral proceedings and the applicable law; issues of arbitrability; interim measures; costs and financing of arbitrations; validity, recognition and enforcement of awards; arbitration and the MERCOSUR. This publication also includes some particular studies, for example those related to the tensions between investment arbitration and human rights, as well as the relationship between the country and the ICC, and the PCA. Although mainly focused in Argentina, the discussions contained in several contributions exceed such geographical boundaries. Given that the law and practice of arbitration in Argentina has seen remarkable changes in recent decades, this book is an essential tool for arbitrators, judges, in-house counsels, global law firms, large- and medium-sized companies doing transnational business, interested academics, and international arbitration centres. Because this publication draws from the teachings and experience of leading academics and practitioners, arbitration specialists will find in it all the guidance needed to identify and assess the different theoretical and practical legal avenues available when working on arbitrations with a seat in Argentina or with an Argentine element.