This book provides independent clinical information on essential drugs, including details of dosage, uses, contraindications and adverse effects. It is intended as source material for adaptation by national authorities, in particular developing countries, that which to produce drug formularies, data sheets and teaching materials.

Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.

Physician-historian Jeremy A. Greene examines the mechanisms by which drugs and chronic disease categories define one another within medical research, clinical practice, and pharmaceutical marketing, and he explores how this interaction has profoundly altered the experience, politics, ethics, and economy of health in late-twentieth-century America.

Designed for use as a self-study text, as a course text in more formal instruction programs, or as a refresher for the busy professional, the book includes valuable background data on legal and regulatory issues, as well as pharmaceutical technology.

Written especially for nurses in all disciplines and health care settings, this second edition of The Nurses's Role in Medication Safety focuses on the hands-on role nurses play in the delivery of care and their unique opportunity and responsibility to identify potential medication safety issues. Reflecting the contributions of several dozen nurses who provided new and updated content, this book includes strategies, examples, and advice on how to: * Develop effective medication reconciliation processes * Identify and address causes of medication errors * Encourage the reporting of medication errors in a safe and just culture * Apply human factors solutions to medication management issues and the implementation of programs to reduce medication errors * Use technology (such as smart pumps and computerized provider order entry) to improve medication safety * Recognize the special issues of medication safety in disciplines such as obstetrics, pediatrics, geriatrics, and oncology and within program settings beyond large urban hospitals, including long term care, behavioral health care, critical access hospitals, and ambulatory care and office-based surgery

Parasitic infections such as malaria, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis and onchoceriasis are the scourge of the tropical countries. Many of the drugs used for the treatment of tropical parasitic infections were introduced more than 30 years ago. Most of these drugs are toxic and have complicated dosage regimens, but, because of the low economic incentive, pharmaceutical companies have shown little interest in developing new drugs to control diseases prevalent in developing countries.; However, there has been notable progress in research into parasitic diseases and a number of important drugs have been introduced for some diseases since the 1970s. Moreover, recent data on the pharmacokinetics and field evaluations of these drugs have revealed that their effectiveness can be improved and their safety increased.; This handbook is designed to provide information about the pharmacological properties and therapeutic uses of the major drugs currently employed to combat the human parasitic infections encountered in the tropics. Each of the 38 drugs covered in the book are presented under the following headings: chemical structure, physical properties, pharmacology and mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, pregnancy and lactation, side effects, contraindications and precautions, dosage, preparations, and references.