This is a book about boundary surveying. It is written for anyone who is interested in learning about how boundary surveys are performed. The book will provide the reader with a background on basic boundary surveying techniques and some of the common legal issues encountered during boundary surveying. This is the second edition of the book which substantially enlarges upon the first edition. A chapter on easements has been added. There is more detail on Global Navigational Systems (GNSS or GPS). Lower cost survey grade GNSS receivers are now widely available so surveyors are now able to take advantage of this technology. GNSS can save considerable time and cost while increasing the reliability and permanence of surveys. Nevertheless, use of GNSS has certain limitations which cannot be ignored, and this book discusses some of these issues. The second edition also goes into more detail on state plane coordinate systems which are an integral part of GNSS surveying. Prior to the widespread use of GNSS connecting a survey to state plane was often cost prohibitive but now that GNS is commonly used it is easy and commonplace to have surveys tied to state plane. The second edition discusses the state plane coordinate system and the benefits of using it. At the college level, Land Surveying is usually taught in civil engineering departments. In many ways this makes sense because there is a close relationship between the disciplines of civil engineering and land surveying. In fact, many practicing civil engineers are also licensed as land surveyors. However, there are substantial differences between the professions, particularly with regard to knowledge of the laws relating to real property which all boundary surveyors must understand. For this reason, many states make it unlawful for licensed civil engineers to practice boundary surveying unless they are also licensed as a land surveyor. In many respects boundary surveying has more to do with the legal studies division of a university than the engineering division. In fact, when prospective surveyors take the licensing exams at both the national and local levels, substantial portions of these examinations are legal questions relating to boundaries, easements, professional practice and other legal issues that a lawyer, rather than a civil engineer, may feel more comfortable with. You can't learn to be a competent surveyor by taking a course, acquiring a degree or reading a book - although all of these things help to provide the necessary foundation. Boundary surveying includes the disciplines of mathematics, engineering, science and law. Becoming a licensed boundary surveyor requires years of experience. Although no book can hope to provide this experience, my hope is that this book will provide the reader with some insight into the techniques which surveyors use and the issues which surveyors face on a daily basis. Boundary locations are sometimes difficult to establish with a high level of certainty. With modern electronic measuring devices, surveyors can measure thousands of feet within fractions of a foot simply by pressing a button or clicking on a computer screen. And it only takes a few seconds to get the measurement. It may seem paradoxical that even with this ability surveyors are sometimes unable to determine the actual extent of ownership within several feet - and, occasionally, a great number of feet! This book will help the reader to understand why such uncertainties exist. We will also consider what remedies and solutions may be available to a surveyor.

This is a book about boundary surveying. It is written for anyone who is interested in learning about how boundary surveys are performed. This book will provide the reader with a background on basic boundary surveying techniques and some of the common legal issues which govern boundary establishment. This is the second edition of the book which substantially enlarges upon the first edition. this book includes a chapter on easements which was not included in the first edition. This book also goes into more detail on Global Navigational Systems (GNSS) sometimes referred to simply as GPS. Survey grade GNSS receivers are now available for relatively low cost so most surveyors are able to take advantage of this technology which has the potential to save considerable time while increasing the reliability and permanence of surveys. Nevertheless, use of GNSS has certain limitations which cannot be ignored, and this book discusses some of these issues.The second edition also goes into more detail on state plane coordinate systems which are an integral part of GNSS surveying. Prior to the widespread use of GNSSconnecting a survey to state plane was often cost prohibitive but now that GNS is commonly used it is easy and commonplace to have surveys tied to state plane. The second edition discusses the state plane coordinate system and the benefits of using it.At the college level, Land Surveying is usually taught in civil engineering departments. In many ways this makes sense because there is a close relationship between the disciplines of civil engineering and land surveying. In fact, many practicing civil engineers are also licensed as land surveyors. However, there are substantial differences between the professions, particularly with regard to knowledge of the laws relating to real property which all boundary surveyors must understand. For this reason, many states make it unlawful for licensed civil engineers to practice boundary surveying unless they are also licensed as a land surveyor. In many respects boundary surveying has more to do with the legal studies division of a university than the engineering division. In fact, when prospective surveyors take the licensing exams at both the national and local levels, substantial portions of these examinations are legal questions relating to boundaries, easements, professional practice and other legal issues that a lawyer, rather than a civil engineer, may feel more comfortable with. These remarks may seem a bit odd at this point but, after reading this book, the reader will hopefully develop an understanding of why this is so.You can't learn to be a competent surveyor by taking a course, acquiring a degree or reading a book - although all of these things help to provide the necessary foundation. Boundary surveying includes the disciplines of mathematics, engineering, science and law. Becoming a licensed boundary surveyor requires years of experience. Although no book can hope to provide this experience, my hope is that this book will provide the reader with some insight into the techniques which surveyors use and the issues which surveyors face on a daily basis. Boundary locations are sometimes difficult to establish. With modern electronic measuring devices, surveyors can measure thousands of feet within fractions of a foot simply by pressing a button or clicking on a computer screen. And it only takes a few seconds to get the measurement. It may seem paradoxical that even with this ability surveyors are sometimes unable to determine the actual extent of ownership within several feet - and, occasionally, a great number of feet! This book will help the reader to understand why such uncertainties exist. We will also consider what remedies and solutions may be available to a surveyor. A primary purpose of this book is to acquaint people who are not land surveyors with the principles used by land surveyors to establish boundaries.

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The nonsurveyor's definitive land survey sourcebook—now extensively updated Over the last several decades, the Internet has allowed individuals with a non-technical background to assume more control of land surveys. But without a clear understanding of how to accurately use land survey data, and faced with the challenges of communicating specific requirements to a professional land surveyor, conflicts often arise that lead to litigation. A Guide to Understanding Land Surveys bridges the ever-expanding communication gap between the users of land boundary information and professional land surveyors. This indispensable guide clearly explains the functions and procedures required in every survey (routine or otherwise), and the role of a surveyor in their investigation and re-establishment. It is a must-have resource for title attorneys, paralegals, realtors, government agents, and others who rely on the information gathered and presented by land surveys. Written in nontechnical language and supported by numerous line drawings, A Guide to Understanding Land Surveys not only helps readers gain a strong familiarity with a survey, plat, or land description, but enables them to accurately evaluate it, detect any inadequacies, and make the proper adjustments to obtain approval. The Third Edition of A Guide to Understanding Land Surveys has been expanded with thirty percent new material and is fully updated to reflect the latest practice guidelines and technology, including the use of GPS and GIS in land boundary re-establishment. Also included is important new material on how technology should be interpreted in assessing the quality and accuracy of a land survey.