In December 2019, the world witnessed the occurrence of a new coronavirus to humanity. The disease spread quickly and became known as a pandemic globally, affecting both society and the health care system, both the elderly and young groups of people, and both the men’s and women’s groups. It was a universal challenge that immediately caused a surge in scientific research. Be a part of a world rising in fighting against the pandemic, the Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19 was depicted in the early days of the pandemic, but updated by more than 200 scientists and clinicians to include many facets of this new infectious pandemic, including i, characteristics, ecology, and evolution of coronaviruses; ii, epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis (immune responses and oxidative stress) of the disease; iii, diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical manifestations of the disease in pediatrics, geriatrics, pregnant women, and neonates; iv, challenges of co-occurring the disease with tropical infections, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and cancer and to the settings of dentistry, hematology, ophthalmology, and pharmacy; v, transmission, prevention, and potential treatments, ranging from supportive ventilator support and nutrition therapy to potential virus- and host-based therapies, immune-based therapies, photobiomodulation, antiviral photodynamic therapy, and vaccines; vi, the resulting consequences on social lives, mental health, education, tourism industry and economy; and vii, multimodal approaches to solve the problem by bioinformatic methods, innovation and ingenuity, globalization, social and scientific networking, interdisciplinary approaches, and art integration. We are approaching December 2020 and the still presence of COVID-19, asking us to call it COVID (without 19).

The #1 New York Times Best-Selling series tells the story of how COVID-19, a coronavirus, was first identified and how it spread throughout the world in the new Who HQ Now format for trending topics. The coronavirus disease COVID-19 emerged in November 2019. By March 2020, cities all around the world closed schools, offices, restaurants and other public spaces deemed “non-essential” in an attempt to contain the fast-spreading virus. People struggled to follow government orders, stay indoors, and limit contact with others. But the virus that caused one of the world’s deadliest pandemics eventually killed over five million people worldwide. This is the story of how COVID-19 changed the world seemingly overnight, and forever.

CONTENTS Chapter I A Review: General Outlook of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2……1 Chapter II Covid-19: Update Pathogenesis and Clinical Effects……………..19 Chapter III Epidemiology of Covid-19…………………………………………….29 Chapter IV Effect of ACEIs (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) and ARBs (Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers) on as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19)…………………………………………41 Chapter V Covid-19 and Food Safety…………………………………………….49 Chapter VI “Covid-19” in the Framework of a Dystopian Element…………..59

Corona virus disease or COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection is the latest pandemic that has affected humans globally. The disease has manifested itself in several forms and is now the focus of research worldwide. This book covers all the clinical aspects of the novel corona virus disease, COVID-19, which is one of the most contagious diseases ever known. It includes topics related to basic sciences, such as the virology and pathophysiology of the SARS-CoV-2 disease. It includes chapters related to symptomatology of the disease and making diagnosis, preparation of the health care workers to deal with this global pandemic. The book includes chapters on anesthetic and intensive care management of COVID-19 disease victims as these topics are of vast importance. Additionally, it includes a chapter giving insight in to the ethical aspects of the issues raised regarding disposal of bodies of the victims, as this pandemic has taken many lives across the world. It includes a chapter on special considerations to patient population such as geriatrics, pediatrics and pregnant women. The book serves as a useful resource for practitioners and clinicians in any field of medicine. It is also relevant for residents, trainees, fellows pursuing their courses in emergency medicine, anesthesia and critical care as well as postgraduates and even undergraduates. The book will serve as a ready-reckoner and useful guide for physicians from varied specialties during their clinical practice.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has spread throughout the globe and much time has passed since it was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management provides clinicians and scholars all the information on this disease in 2 volumes. Readers will find a concise and visual reference for this viral disease and will be equipped with the knowledge to assess and manage Sar-Cov-2 infection cases in clinical settings. This book is divided into two parts (I and II). Part I provides comprehensive information about 1) History of Coronaviruses, 2) Epidemiology of COVID-19, 3) Clinical presentation of this viral disease and 4) COVID-19 diagnosis. Part II covers broader topics about this communicable disease including 1) the prevention and treatment methodology, 2) mortality and long-term complications, 3) COVID-19 vaccines and future perspectives. Key Features: Covers all the aspects of COVID-19 making this a perfect textbook for virology and medical students. Chapter wise description and segregation of topics from pathophysiology to diagnosis and management of COVID-19. Six chapters in the first part which focus on clinical basics of COVID-19. Six chapters in the first part which cover broader topics for practical infection control. Multiple tables and figures which summarize and highlight important points. Presents a summary of the current standards for the evaluation and diagnosis of COVID-19. Features a detailed list of references, abbreviations, and symbols. This book is an essential textbook reference for medical students, scientists (virologists, pulmonologists) and public health officials who are required to understand COVDI-19 diagnosis and management as part of their clinical training or professional work.

This volume presents a comprehensive account of the COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the novel coronavirus pandemic, as it happened. Originating in China in late 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak spread across the entire world in a matter of three to four months. This volume examines the first responses to the pandemic, the contexts of earlier epidemics and the epidemiological basics of infectious diseases. Further, it discusses patterns in the spread of the disease; the management and containment of infections at the personal, national and global level; effects on trade and commerce; the social and psychological impact on people; the disruption and postponement of international events; the role of various international organizations like the WHO in the search for solutions; and the race for a vaccine or a cure. Authored by a medical professional and an economist working on the frontlines, this book gives a nuanced, verified and fact-checked analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic and its global response. A one-stop resource on the COVID-19 outbreak, it is indispensable for every reader and a holistic work for scholars and researchers of medical sociology, public health, political economy, public policy and governance, sociology of health and medicine, and paramedical and medical practitioners. It will also be a great resource for policymakers, government departments and civil society organizations working in the area.

In this book volume-2 proposal has been classified into Part IV: Models for SARS-CoV-2 and Part V: Treatment Strategies for SARS-CoV-2. With the emergence of new coronavirus variants, epidemiology, different host tropism permits a thorough analysis of their evolution and acquired adaptability to their host which need different animal models and treatment approaches. No studies are complete without animal models closely related to human physiology to replicate the disease and observe the pathology conditions as in human cases. Such animal models play a vital role in virus pathogenesis and prepare a therapeutic immune response. Here describe bio-engineered transgenic mouse model inserting with specific genes, or CRISPR-Case9 gene-editing tool has been used previously for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The chapter will deal with culture techniques or cell lines for COVID-19—also histopathology of COVID-19, essential proteins that up or down-regulate SARS-CoV-2. The last chapter of this part will describe other diseases having similar signs and symptoms and their differentiation. There is no specific treatment available to date, just symptomatic therapy. However, scientists will elucidate effective antiviral drugs in clinical trials, phytochemicals, photomedicine such as ultraviolet A & B, homemade remedies, blood plasma transfusion, stem cell therapy, and computational approaches in vivo and in vitro trials. This book will appear as a baseline for academicians, scientists, and health professionals as still, research is going to overcome this outbreak of COVID-19, the novelty of best animal models, and find an effective treatment. However, just a single book proposal like this wouldn't have flourished without enthusiasm and determined publishers' and investigators' strength to take time from their busy schedule and subsidize on time. We thank the whole investigators who contributed, directly and indirectly, to bring it to reality.