Social Norms
Title | Social Norms PDF eBook |
Author | Michael Hechter |
Publisher | Russell Sage Foundation |
Pages | 451 |
Release | 2001-03-15 |
Genre | Political Science |
ISBN | 1610442806 |
Social norms are rules that prescribe what people should and should not do given their social surroundings and circumstances. Norms instruct people to keep their promises, to drive on the right, or to abide by the golden rule. They are useful explanatory tools, employed to analyze phenomena as grand as international diplomacy and as mundane as the rules of the road. But our knowledge of norms is scattered across disciplines and research traditions, with no clear consensus on how the term should be used. Research on norms has focused on the content and the consequences of norms, without paying enough attention to their causes. Social Norms reaches across the disciplines of sociology, economics, game theory, and legal studies to provide a well-integrated theoretical and empirical account of how norms emerge, change, persist, or die out. Social Norms opens with a critical review of the many outstanding issues in the research on norms: When are norms simply devices to ease cooperation, and when do they carry intrinsic moral weight? Do norms evolve gradually over time or spring up spontaneously as circumstances change? The volume then turns to case studies on the birth and death of norms in a variety of contexts, from protest movements, to marriage, to mushroom collecting. The authors detail the concrete social processes, such as repeated interactions, social learning, threats and sanctions, that produce, sustain, and enforce norms. One case study explains how it can become normative for citizens to participate in political protests in times of social upheaval. Another case study examines how the norm of objectivity in American journalism emerged: Did it arise by consensus as the professional creed of the press corps, or was it imposed upon journalists by their employers? A third case study examines the emergence of the norm of national self-determination: has it diffused as an element of global culture, or was it imposed by the actions of powerful states? The book concludes with an examination of what we know of norm emergence, highlighting areas of agreement and points of contradiction between the disciplines. Norms may be useful in explaining other phenomena in society, but until we have a coherent theory of their origins we have not truly explained norms themselves. Social Norms moves us closer to a true understanding of this ubiquitous feature of social life.
What Are Norms?
Title | What Are Norms? PDF eBook |
Author | Francesca M. Cancian |
Publisher | Cambridge University Press |
Pages | 232 |
Release | 1975-04-25 |
Genre | History |
ISBN | 9780521205368 |
What are Norms? challenges the traditional Parsonian theory of the basis of social order and proposes a theoretical perspective that emphasises shared definitions of reality rather than personal motivation. The book begins by describing conceptions of good and bad in a Maya community. Then it explores how such normative beliefs relate to the actions of individuals and the organisation of society. Parsons' theory is not supported by previous research on attitudes and behaviour. The final chapter describes a new theoretical approach to norms and society that provides a better explanation of how people's norms relate to their actions and how norms change.
SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System
Title | SOU-CCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System PDF eBook |
Author | Alison Burke |
Publisher | |
Pages | |
Release | 2019 |
Genre | |
ISBN | 9781636350684 |
States of Being
Title | States of Being PDF eBook |
Author | Linda Belans |
Publisher | |
Pages | 194 |
Release | 2020-05-14 |
Genre | Education |
ISBN | 9781734559200 |
States of Being is an indispensable guide for leadership coaches and school leaders who want to create equitable, compassionate schools where students of all backgrounds can thrive.
Folkways
Title | Folkways PDF eBook |
Author | William Graham Sumner |
Publisher | |
Pages | 712 |
Release | 1906 |
Genre | Manners and customs |
ISBN |
Studies in Ethnomethodology
Title | Studies in Ethnomethodology PDF eBook |
Author | Harold Garfinkel |
Publisher | Prentice Hall |
Pages | 320 |
Release | 1967 |
Genre | Ethnology |
ISBN |
Meeting Wise
Title | Meeting Wise PDF eBook |
Author | Kathryn Parker Boudett |
Publisher | Harvard Education Press |
Pages | 200 |
Release | 2014-08-01 |
Genre | Education |
ISBN | 1612506968 |
This book, by two editors of Data Wise: A Step-by-Step Guide to Using Assessment Results to Improve Teaching and Learning, attempts to bring about a fundamental shift in how educators think about the meetings we attend. They make the case that these gatherings are potentially the most important venue where adult and organizational learning can take place in schools, and that making more effective use of this time is the key to increasing student achievement. In Meeting Wise, the authors show why meeting planning is a high-leverage strategy for changing how people work together in the service of school improvement. To this end, they have created a meeting-planning “checklist” to develop a common language for discussing and improving the quality of meetings. In addition, they provide guidelines for readers on “wise facilitating” and “wise participating,” and also include “top tips” and common dilemmas. Simple, succinct, and practical, Meeting Wise is designed to be read and applied at every level of the educational enterprise: district leadership meetings with central office staff, charter-school management summits, principals’ meetings with teachers, professional development sessions, teacher-team meetings, and even teachers’ meetings with parents and students.