On March 14, 1863, the New Jersey Legislature created the township of West Orange by combining all of the land of the existing Fairmount Township, formed only a year earlier, with a section of neighboring Orange. It created West Orange with its present-day boundaries and gave the new town a separate and distinct identity. It became home to the laboratories of world-famous inventor Thomas Edison in 1887, and he lived here until his death in 1931. But there is so much more to the town's history. Four former New Jersey governors also lived here, including Civil War general George McClellan, who, as a town resident, unsuccessfully opposed Abraham Lincoln in the presidential election of 1864. The fertile farmland that attracted the early settlers left behind an enduring legacy of rich history still interwoven into the community of today.

Stirking historic images bring to life the story of a 150 year old village on the outskirts of Manhattan with a legacy that will continue to suprise. From the mid-1800s through the late 1900s, life in South Orange was a mirror of events taking place on a national and global level. Evolutions in population, transportation, education, and culture played an important part in South Orange's growth from a small farming village to the bustling community it is today. For more than 150 years, the village's excellent road and rail infrastructure, salubrious climate, and close proximity to Manhattan has drawn residents from a wide range of backgrounds, interests, and talents. Today many South Orange residents enjoy the convenience of working in a bustling city and at the same time, living in late-19th- and 20th-century homes on streets illuminated by Victorian gaslights. These are just some of the factors that make South Orange a unique community.

Although West Orange is best known for Thomas Edison, there is much more to this New Jersey town than its famous inventor. Through vintage postcards, West Orange explores the towns history from the days of cable cars that once climbed the mountain to the long-gone amusement park at Crystal Lake. Postcards illustrate how Llewellyn Park and Eagle Rock share a common beginning and West Orange once had two train stations. The familiar roads of home come alive as images reveal West Oranges rich history.

Bloomfield was founded by Dutch farmers in 1691. The town grew in the 1700s, as the children of Connecticut Puritans, who had settled Newark, moved west to gain their own farmlands and build homes. The original township, formed in 1812, was 20.5 square miles and included Montclair, Nutley, Belleville, Glen Ridge, and the Woodside section of Newark. Aided by its location, excellent transportation facilities, and the availability of a large, skilled workforce, the town mushroomed from an agrarian community to a population of 47,000 with modern industries and attitudes. Bloomfield was founded by Dutch farmers in 1691. The town grew in the 1700s, as the children of Connecticut Puritans, who had settled Newark, moved west to gain their own farmlands and build homes. The original township, formed in 1812, was 20.5 square miles and included Montclair, Nutley, Belleville, Glen Ridge, and the Woodside section of Newark. Aided by its location, excellent transportation facilities, and the availability of a large, skilled workforce, the town mushroomed from an agrarian community to a population of 47,000 with modern industries and attitudes.

This manual pulls together—and illustrates with interesting case studies—the variety of specialized and generalized archaeological research strategies that yield new insights into science. Throughout the book there are templates, consisting of questions, to help readers visualize and design their own projects. The manual seeks to be as general as possible, applicable to any society, and so science is defined as the creation of useful knowledge—the kinds of knowledge that enable people to make predictions. The chapters in Part I discuss the scope of the archaeology of science and furnish a conceptual foundation for the remainder of the book. Next, Part II presents several specialized, but widely practiced, research strategies that contribute to the archaeology of science. In order to thoroughly ground the manual in real-life applications, Part III presents lengthy case studies that feature the use of historical and archaeological evidence in the study of scientific activities.