There are two recurring themes in astrophysical and geophysical fluid mechanics: waves and turbulence. This book investigates how turbulence responds to rotation, stratification or magnetic fields, identifying common themes, where they exist, as well as the essential differences which inevitably arise between different classes of flow. The discussion is developed from first principles, making the book suitable for graduate students as well as professional researchers. The author focuses first on the fundamentals and then progresses to such topics as the atmospheric boundary layer, turbulence in the upper atmosphere, turbulence in the core of the earth, zonal winds in the giant planets, turbulence within the interior of the sun, the solar wind, and turbulent flows in accretion discs. The book will appeal to engineers, geophysicists, astrophysicists and applied mathematicians who are interested in naturally occurring turbulent flows.

This volume, containing twenty papers, includes the majority of those presented at the third IMA conference on stably stratified flows, held in Leeds in December 1989. The theme of the conference was waves and turbulence in stably stratified flows, although papers covering other aspects ofstably stratified flows are also included. A wide variety of techniques are described, ranging from numerical simulation, through laboratory studies, to field observations of the atmosphere. Some papers address fundamental aspects of turbulence in stably stratfied flows such as turbulence collapseand local scaling. Six of the papers report investigations motivated by Antarctic field studies, reflecting the importance of that region for research on the stably stratified atmosphere. Eight papers deal with aspects of mixing in stably stratified flows, of which four are directly concerned withindustrial applications. Observations of atmospheric internal gravity waves are discussed in two papers whilst a further two report studies of rotating, stratified flows with application to large-scale atmospheric and oceanic dynamics.

What are the theoretical and experimental physical differences between waves and turbulence? The motivation behind this question is related to the practical problems associated with laser beam propagation and pollution transport in the atmosphere. Because turbulence causes mixing and waves do not, one must not regard turbulence as a field of random waves. The power density spectrum of velocity fluctuations, when taken along, cannot be used to distinguish between waves and turbulence. Its physical interpretation can differ radically depending upon which type of motion is involved. Two approaches are used here to differentiate theoretically and experimentally between waves and turbulence. The first involves the degree of interaction between modes. The second approach depends on the mixing property of turbulence.

A broad cross-section of scientists working in aquatic environments will enjoy this treatment of environmental fluid dynamics, a foundation for elucidating the importance of hydrodynamics and hydrology in the regulation of energy.

The phenomena treated in this book all depend on the action of gravity on small density differences in a non-rotating fluid. The author gives a connected account of the various motions which can be driven or influenced by buoyancy forces in a stratified fluid, including internal waves, turbulent shear flows and buoyant convection. This excellent introduction to a rapidly developing field, first published in 1973, can be used as the basis of graduate courses in university departments of meteorology, oceanography and various branches of engineering. This edition is reprinted with corrections, and extra references have been added to allow readers to bring themselves up to date on specific topics. Professor Turner is a physicist with a special interest in laboratory modelling of small-scale geophysical processes. An important feature is the superb illustration of the text with many fine photographs of laboratory experiments and natural phenomena.

CD-ROM contains: 10 computer programs written in FORTRAN77, and 6 ASCII data sets.

Advanced Approaches in Turbulence: Theory, Modeling, Simulation and Data Analysis for Turbulent Flows focuses on the updated theory, simulation and data analysis of turbulence dealing mainly with turbulence modeling instead of the physics of turbulence. Beginning with the basics of turbulence, the book discusses closure modeling, direct simulation, large eddy simulation and hybrid simulation. The book also covers the entire spectrum of turbulence models for both single-phase and multi-phase flows, as well as turbulence in compressible flow. Turbulence modeling is very extensive and continuously updated with new achievements and improvements of the models. Modern advances in computer speed offer the potential for elaborate numerical analysis of turbulent fluid flow while advances in instrumentation are creating large amounts of data. This book covers these topics in great detail. - Covers the fundamentals of turbulence updated with recent developments - Focuses on hybrid methods such as DES and wall-modeled LES - Gives an updated treatment of numerical simulation and data analysis