We consider a firm with infrequent access to capital markets, continuous access to costly intermediary financing, and a cost of holding cash. In the optimal renegotiation-proof contract, the intermediary absorbs a share of cash-flow risk. This share increases as firm depletes its internal cash, suggesting an overlapping pecking order. If the firm runs out of cash, it liquidates if the cash-flow is too risky, otherwise the intermediary extends financing that resembles either private equity or collateralized debt. The model helps explain trends in financial intermediation, such as the rise of private equity and the use of collateralized debt.

This user-friendly guide on the mechanics of raising capital shows entrepreneurs and business owners how to find willing investors and lenders. It shares time-tested tips for presenting a small business in the best light to bakers, venture capitalists, and other sources of money.

The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.

The Covid-19 pandemic has aggravated the tension between large development needs in infrastructure and scarce public resources. To alleviate this tension and promote a strong and job-rich recovery from the crisis, Africa needs to mobilize more financing from and to the private sector.

A corporate speculator embraces a monetary assessment while choosing whether to put resources into substantial resources or different business. The speculator needs to guarantee that it pays close to a reasonable incentive to buy the venture and that the monetary benefit for its proprietors is augmented. The part talks about monetary assessment with regards to venture choices with an emphasis on speculation valuation and organizing and assessment procedures. Capital gave to an organization, and any value produced inside, should just be put resources into resources if esteem is made for investors—that is, the point at which the estimation of financial advantages emerging from the advantages surpasses the cost of procuring those advantages.