CEDEFOP pub. Comparison, guide, vocational training systems in EC countries - covers historical background, population trends, legal aspects, financing and administrative aspects; includes adult education, continuing vocational training, in plant training, etc. Graphs, illustrations, statistical tables.

The EUROTECNET program was implemented to develop and improve vocational training policies and systems to meet the challenges of change in the economic and social situation through the development of innovative responses and actions. Each Member State of the European Community was asked to identify one issue of strategic and critical importance to the vocational training system that would benefit from a focused examination and debate at a national and European level. As a result, a series of conferences was launched in all 12 Member States. Each dealt with a different theme of critical importance for vocational training systems that was likely to benefit from innovative solutions. The discussions focused on the following topics: the learning organization and reinforcement of quality assurance; role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); identification of individual competencies; a continuum of lifelong learning; involvement of social partners in the strategy for vocational education; and radical change in companies' in-house training. The following conclusions were reached: training was a part of a comprehensive approach to change; the greatest challenge was unemployment; change was posing new challenges for companies; innovation was needed; a new focus on the individual was crucial; employees should have core competencies; SMEs must invest in training; and the concept of partnership between industry and the vocational education and training systems must be applied more broadly. The biggest challenge was the acquisition of the new competencies for general workers. (YLB)

Published in 1998, Education and training in the European Union is a policy area aiming to enable young people to experience the ‘reality of Europe’ through various forms of cooperation, including training periods in firms in other member states, university courses in the Community countries and exchanges. This book examines why the Community decided to take actions in the field of education and training, what the extent of this involvement is, and how the future may affect EU decisions on education and training. It argues that the logic of the EU involvement in education and training derives from both economic and political considerations; that the extent of this involvement has not so far been very significant but is growing; and that the pace of political integration will ultimately condition the Community’s competence in the field of education and training.

Vocational education often is ignored during discussions of secondary education reform even though it accounts for between 25 percent and 79 percent of upper secondary enrollment in the former centrally-planned countries of the European Union. Based on information, data, and feedback from most of these countries, this paper develops a set of propositions about vocational education reform, not with a view to prescribing a detailed "one-size-fits-all" strategy, but rather it derives some principles that continued reform of vocational education could take into account, to the benefit of fiscal ef.

This report provides information on the administration and structure of all levels of education and initial vocational training in 17 countries--the 15 Member States of the European Union and Iceland and Norway. Country reports are arranged in a similar way to facilitate comparison. Chapter 1 contains information on each country, the basic principles affecting the education and training systems, the distribution of responsibilities, administration, inspection, financing, private education, and advisory bodies. The following chapters cover preschool, primary, secondary (general, technical, and vocational) education, initial vocational training for young people, and higher education. Sections dealing with curriculum, assessment, teachers, and statistics follow a general description of the objectives and organization of each level. Statistical data cover the number of pupils/students, teachers, institutions and, where available, pupil-teacher ratios, attendance or completion rates, and the options taken up at different stages. Initial vocational training covers programs that are usually outside the formal education system, such as apprenticeship, youth training, and vocational integration programs. After a general outline, the higher education section includes the following: admission, fees/student finance, academic year, courses, qualifications, and assessment. Diagrams of the systems, with brief explanatory notes are found at the beginning of each chapter. (YLB)

This study mirrors the perceptions and values that shape the discussion of such terms as harmonization, recognition, convergence and subsidiarity in the educational sphere. It provides insights into surprising similarities and important differences in the approaches of different Member States regarding the interpretation and implementation of EU education and training policies. It summarizes the results of a European research project conducted within the EU-funded network PRESTiGE.