'Vocabulum; or The Rogue's Lexicon' by George W. Matsell is a fascinating insight into the language used by rogues and criminals, compiled by the former Chief of Police of New York City. Matsell's interest in the language of thieves began as a means of better understanding the criminals he was tasked with apprehending, but soon evolved into a laborious project of compiling a comprehensive lexicon of cant words and phrases. This language, with its roots in the ancient gypsy tongue, has evolved over time to become a vital tool for both criminals and law enforcement alike. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the history and origins of this intriguing and often misunderstood subculture.

Reproduction of the original: Vocabulum by George W. Matsell

George Washington Matsell (1811-1877) was the first New York City Police Commissioner. This dictionary of American thieves' cant, compiled from the most authentic sources, was published in 1859.

An excerpt from the beginning of the PREFACE: WHEN young man enters upon the business of life, he may have some indefinite idea, of what he intends to follow out to the close thereof; but he soon finds himself surrounded by circumstances which control his actions and business pursuits, and lead him into channels of thought and industry that had not previously entered into his philosophy. At least I have found it to be so, and I have no doubt others have had a similar experience. To become a lexicographer, certainly never entered into my calculation, or even found a place in the castle-building of my younger days; and if a kind friend had suggested to me that I was destined to fill such a position in life, I would simply have regarded him as a fit subject for the care of the authorities. This improbable event has now taken place; and I present myself to the world as the compiler of a language used in all parts of the world, and yet understood connectedly but by few persons. The rogue fraternity have a language peculiarly their own, which is understood and spoken by them no matter what their dialect, or the nation where they were reared. Many of their words and phrases, owing to their comprehensive meaning, have come into general use, so that a Vocabulum or Rogue's Lexicon, has become a necessity to the general reader, but more especially to those who read police intelligence. Occupying the position of a Special Justice, and Chief of the Police of the great Metropolis of New York, where thieves and others of a like character from all parts of the world congregate, and realizing the necessity of possessing a positive knowledge of every thing connected with the class of individuals with whom it was my duty to deal, I was naturally led to study their peculiar language, believing that it would enable me to converse with them more at ease, and thus acquire a knowledge of their character, besides obtaining from them information that would assist me in the position I occupied, and consequently be of great service to the public. To accomplish this task was no mean undertaking, as I found that it required years of diligent labor to hunt up the various authorities, and these when found proved only partially available, as much of the language in present use was unwritten, and could only be obtained by personal study among first-class thieves who had been taught it in their youth. The difficulties surrounding it, did not deter me from following out my resolution, and by closely pursuing it, I had opened up to me a fountain of knowledge that I could not have obtained if I had not possessed a clear understanding of this peculiar dialect. Experience has since demonstrated to me that any man engaged in police business can not excel without understanding the rogues' language, in the study of which they will find this Lexicon of invaluable service.

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