"This encyclopedia fills a much-needed gap between legal texts focusing on the theory and history behind the law and more practical guides dealing with the law and its everyday effect upon its citizens. Containing approximately 200 articles, the Encyclopedia includes: brief descriptions of each issue's historical background, covering important statutes and cases; profiles of various U.S. laws and regulations; and details of how laws and regulations vary from state to state."--Publisher description.

In the late Victorian era, smoking was a male habit and tobacco was consumed mostly in pipes and cigars. By the mid-twentieth century, advertising and movies had not only made it acceptable for women to smoke but smoking had become a potent symbol of their emancipation. From mass cigarette production in 1888 to the first studies linking cigarettes to lung cancer in 1950, The Freedom to Smoke explores gender and other key issues related to smoking in Montreal, including the arrival of "big tobacco," first attempts to ban the cigarette, wartime tobacco funds, French Canadian smoking habits, rituals of manliness, and the growing respectability of women smokers - none of which have been examined by historians. Jarrett Rudy argues that while people smoked for highly personal reasons, their smoking rituals were embedded in social relations and shaped by dominant norms of taste and etiquette. The Freedom to Smoke examines the role of the tobacco industry, health experts, churches, farmers, newspapers, the military, the state, and smokers themselves. A pioneering city-based study, it weaves Western understandings of respectable smoking through Montreal's diverse social and cultural fabric. Rudy argues that etiquette gave smoking a political role, reflecting and serving to legitimize beliefs about inclusion, exclusion, and hierarchy that were at the core of a transforming liberal order.

Designed to help those who are considering a career that enables them to travel or live abroad or to work in an international field, this guide will be especially helpful to college and graduate school students, graduates with advanced degrees, professionals exploring alternative careers, and college-bound high school students, and will also be a useful resource for career counselors, job placement offices, and libraries. Listed are more than 250 sources of employment in international business, banking, finance, international law, journalism, consulting, nonprofit organizations, the United States government, the United Nations, and other international organizations. Each of the listings provides a brief description of the organization, the size of the professional staff, the number of professionals hired in the last year, qualifications for employment, internships where available, application procedures, and address. Also included are introductory essays by outstanding representatives of the different professions described, an annotated bibliography, and a listing of graduate programs. (BZ)