The research team has developed a practical, high-order, discrete-ordinates, short characteristics neutron transport code for three-dimensional configurations represented on unstructured tetrahedral grids that can be used for realistic reactor physics applications at both the assembly and core levels. This project will perform a comprehensive verification and validation of this new computational tool against both a continuous-energy Monte Carlo simulation (e.g. MCNP) and experimentally measured data, an essential prerequisite for its deployment in reactor core modeling. Verification is divided into three phases. The team will first conduct spatial mesh and expansion order refinement studies to monitor convergence of the numerical solution to reference solutions. This is quantified by convergence rates that are based on integral error norms computed from the cell-by-cell difference between the code's numerical solution and its reference counterpart. The latter is either analytic or very fine- mesh numerical solutions from independent computational tools. For the second phase, the team will create a suite of code-independent benchmark configurations to enable testing the theoretical order of accuracy of any particular discretization of the discrete ordinates approximation of the transport equation. For each tested case (i.e. mesh and spatial approximation order), researchers will execute the code and compare the resulting numerical solution to the exact solution on a per cell basis to determine the distribution of the numerical error. The final activity comprises a comparison to continuous-energy Monte Carlo solutions for zero-power critical configuration measurements at Idaho National Laboratory's Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). Results of this comparison will allow the investigators to distinguish between modeling errors and the above- listed discretization errors introduced by the deterministic method, and to separate the sources of uncertainty.

This is an authoritative compilation of information regarding methods and data used in all phases of nuclear engineering. Addressing nuclear engineers and scientists at all levels, this book provides a condensed reference on nuclear engineering since 1958.

In a part of North Africa where, within miles, the backdrop can change dramatically from snow-blasted mountains to wind-scoured dunes live the Berber people of the Atlas Mountains. In the third book of her trilogy on African women, world-renowned photojournalist Margaret Courtney-Clarke examines the difficult lives and remarkable arts of Berber women. As modern times and modern warfare in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia have encroached on their centuries-old traditions, Berber women have begun to give up the old ways. Imazighen: The Vanishing Traditions of Berber Women is a record of a quickly disappearing way of life. As in her earlier books, Ndebele: The Art of an African Tribe and African Canvas: The Art of West African Women, Courtney-Clarke succeeds in capturing the spirit of the women by experiencing their world from season to season and by respecting their values and traditions. Through photographs, interviews, and observations, Courtney-Clarke documents the Berber women as they stoically carry water and firewood on their backs for miles of rocky terrain. And she records the beauty they have magically produced in their lives - through their spinning and weaving and their carefully coiled pottery - a metaphor for survival and creativity. Geraldine Brooks, award-winning journalist and an expert on life in the Middle East, accompanied Courtney-Clarke on her last trip to North Africa, and has written moving, thoughtful essays on the struggle of existence among the Berbers. With a glossary of Berber terms and a detailed map of the region, this book is not only a handsomely illustrated volume of the triumph of the arts of the Berber women, but a dramatic record of a people yielding to the pressures of the twentieth century.

As the nation's economic activities, security concerns, and stewardship of natural resources become increasingly complex and globally interrelated, they become ever more sensitive to adverse impacts from weather, climate, and other natural phenomena. For several decades, forecasts with lead times of a few days for weather and other environmental phenomena have yielded valuable information to improve decision-making across all sectors of society. Developing the capability to forecast environmental conditions and disruptive events several weeks and months in advance could dramatically increase the value and benefit of environmental predictions, saving lives, protecting property, increasing economic vitality, protecting the environment, and informing policy choices. Over the past decade, the ability to forecast weather and climate conditions on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, i.e., two to fifty-two weeks in advance, has improved substantially. Although significant progress has been made, much work remains to make S2S predictions skillful enough, as well as optimally tailored and communicated, to enable widespread use. Next Generation Earth System Predictions presents a ten-year U.S. research agenda that increases the nation's S2S research and modeling capability, advances S2S forecasting, and aids in decision making at medium and extended lead times.

Computational Hydraulics introduces the concept of modeling and the contribution of numerical methods and numerical analysis to modeling. It provides a concise and comprehensive description of the basic hydraulic principles, and the problems addressed by these principles in the aquatic environment. Flow equations, numerical and analytical solutions are included. The necessary steps for building and applying numerical methods in hydraulics comprise the core of the book and this is followed by a report of different example applications of computational hydraulics: river training effects on flood propagation, water quality modelling of lakes and coastal applications. The theory and exercises included in the book promote learning of concepts within academic environments. Sample codes are made available online for purchasers of the book. Computational Hydraulics is intended for under-graduate and graduate students, researchers, members of governmental and non-governmental agencies and professionals involved in management of the water related problems. Author: Ioana Popescu, Hydroinformatics group, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft , The Netherlands.