Abstract: Surface materials eroded during land disturbance are increasingly recognized as an important non-point source contaminant that affects water quality and increases the infilling rates of waterways. This study examines: 1) the use of trace element concentrations as a tracer of materials eroded from soils, and 2) the relation between changes in land use and sediment yield. This study examines adjoining drainages (Eversole Run, ER and the unnamed tributary, UT) that empty into an embayment of O'Shaughnessy Reservoir (built in 1920, northwest of Columbus, Ohio). Agriculture was the dominant land use in each drainage prior to1920. Residential subdivisions dominate present land use in the UT drainage, while the ER drainage remains predominantly agricultural. ER's drainage is three times larger than that of UT. Soil samples were collected from both drainages and sediment cores were collected directly offshore each stream in the embayment. Samples were analyzed for trace and major elements using x-ray fluorescence. Sediments were also analyzed for 137Cs activity. Cu, Ga, Rb, V, Zn and Zr show consistent behaviors between soils and sediment. In non-disturbed soils, concentrations increase from upper to lower soil horizons for five of these six elements; Zr shows the opposite pattern. Elemental concentrations are similar in both the upper and lower soil horizons of disturbed soils (from residential subdivisions), approximating the mean concentration in non-disturbed soils. The sediment thicknesses offshore UT and ER were 1.62 meters and 0.73 meters, respectively, with the 137Cs peak (representing 1963-64) at 0.94 and 0.21 meters downcore, respectively. In both cores, intervals with higher trace element concentrations were deposited during times of increased residential subdivision development. Lower trace element concentrations were deposited during periods when the upper horizon of non-disturbed soils was eroded. Sediment accumulation offshore UT since 1963-64 is four times larger than accumulation off ER, due to increased erosion in the UT drainage during construction of residential subdivisions. Because of the difference in drainage areas, sediment yield (mass eroded/drainage area/time) from the more heavily developed UT drainage since 1963-64 is estimated to have been approximately ten times larger than the yield from the ER drainage.

Trace elements occur naturally in soils and some are essential nutrients for plant growth as well as human and animal health. However, at elevated levels, all trace elements become potentially toxic. Anthropogenic input of trace elements into the natural environment therefore poses a range of ecological and health problems. As a result of their persistence and potential toxicity, trace elements continue to receive widespread scientific and legislative attention. Trace Elements in Soils reviews the latest research in the field, providing a comprehensive overview of the chemistry, analysis, fate and regulation of trace elements in soils, as well as remediation strategies for contaminated soil. The book is divided into four sections: • Basic principles, processes, sampling and analytical aspects: presents an overview including general soil chemistry, soil sampling, analysis, fractionation and speciation. • Long-term issues, impacts and predictive modelling: reviews major sources of metal inputs, the impact on soil ecology, trace element deficient soils and chemical speciation modelling. • Bioavailability, risk assessment and remediation: discusses bioavailability, regulatory limits and cleanup technology for contaminated soils including phytoremediation and trace element immobilization. • Characteristics and behaviour of individual elements Written as an authoritative guide for scientists working in soil science, geochemistry, environmental science and analytical chemistry, the book is also a valuable resource for professionals involved in land management, environmental planning, protection and regulation.

The quality of food is such a live issue at the moment that this title is an essential tool for researchers in a variety of disciplines. It provides a review of the key features of trace elements in soils, plants and the food web on which human beings survive. The authors' intention is to summarize up-to-date interdisciplinary data for the concise presentation of our understanding of trace-element transfer in the chain from soil to man.

Still the Gold Standard Resource on Trace Elements and Metals in SoilsThis highly anticipated fourth edition of the bestselling Trace Elements in Soils and Plants reflects the explosion of research during the past decade regarding the presence and actions of trace elements in the soil-plant environment. The book provides information on the biogeoch

Trace element resouces: trace elements in rocks and minerals; trace elments in soils: total contents; soluble contens and availability; Review on individual trace elements: boron (B); chlorine (Cl); Cobalt (Co); Copper(Cu); Iodine(I); Iron(Fe); Manganese(Mn); Molybdenum(Mo); Selenium(Se); Zinc(Zn).

I intend to fill, with this book, a need that has long been felt by students and professionals in many areas of agricultural, biological, natural, and environmental sciences-the need for a comprehensive reference book on many important aspects of trace elements in the "land" environment. This book is different from other books on trace elements (also commonly referred to as heavy metals) in that each chapter focuses on a particular element, which in tum is discussed in terms of its importance in our economy, its natural occurrence, its fate and behavior in the soil-plant system, its requirement by and detriment to plants, its health limits in drinking water and food, and its origin in the environment. Because of long distance transport to pristine areas of cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc in relatively large quantities, these elements have an extra section on natural ecosystems. A blend of pictorial and tabular data are provided to enhance understanding of the relevant information being conveyed. Since individual chapters are independent of one another, they are arranged alphabetically. However, readers with weak backgrounds in soil science are advised to start with the chapter on zinc, since soil terminology is discussed in more detail here. Sections on sorption, forms and speciation, complexation, and transformations become more technical as soil physical-(bio )chemical phenomena are discussed. The less important "environmental" trace elements are discussed together in the "Other Trace Elements" chapter.

Historically, research on the methods and amounts of trace element application to agriculture soils for correcting plant deficiencies has received major attention. More recently, due to industrial development and past disposal activities, trace elements are considered to be important environmental contaminants that affect all components in the atmo