Eighty percent of Afghans are dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. Agricultural assistance is a key U.S. contribution to Afghanistan¿s reconstruction efforts. Since 2002, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has awarded about $1.4 billion for agricultural programs to increase agricultural productivity, accelerate economic growth, and eliminate illicit drug cultivation. This report: (1) describes the change in U.S. focus on agricultural assistance since 2002; (2) assesses USAID¿s performance management and evaluation of its agricultural programs; (3) analyzes the extent to which certain programs met targets; and (4) addresses efforts to mitigate implementation challenges. Includes recommendation. Charts and tables.