Assesses the risks facing U.S. commercial remote sensing satellite firms and explores the U.S. policy and regulatory environment for these firms. American firms have begun to operate their own imaging satellite systems, aiming to become an important part of the U.S. commercial remote sensing industry. To succeed over the long run, these new U.S. commercial remote sensing satellite firms need a combination of reliable technologies, government policies that encourage U.S. industry competitiveness, a strong international presence, and sound business plans to ensure their competitiveness in both t.

Since the advent of Earth observation satellites nearly four decade ago, governments have been the leading providers and users of satellite imagery data. However, this has recently changed as several U.S. and foreign companies have begun to acquire and launch their own imaging satellite systems. Some American firms are already operating their own imaging satellite systems (e.g., Orbimage's Orbview-2 and Space Imaging's IKONOS). These companies aim to become an important part of the U.S. commercial remote sensing industry, which today largely consists of aerial data providers and the value-added firms that play an important role in converting raw imagery data into the products desired by customers. Success for these new U.S. commercial remote sensing satellite firms heavily depends on both understanding and overcoming various risks (e.g., technical, market, policy and regulatory) that could diminish their prospects in the highly competitive global marketplace for geospatial information products and services. Within this context, U.S. government policies and regulations exert a major influence on the ability of U.S. remote sensing satellite firms to realize their competitive potential in both the domestic and international marketplaces.

American firms have begun to operate their own imaging satellite systems, aiming to become an important part of the U.S. commercial remote sensing industry. To succeed over the long run, these new U.S. commercial remote sensing satellite firms need a combination of reliable technologies, government policies that encourage U.S. industry competitiveness, a strong international presence, and sound business plans to ensure their competitiveness in both the domestic and international marketplaces. The greatest risks for the these firms come from the challenge of transforming themselves from imagery data providers to strong competitors as information age companies; the need to master the technical risks of building and operating sophisticated imaging satellite systems; and the requirement to operate effectively in a complex international business environment. In addition, the government_s policymaking process has yet to achieve the degree of predictability, timeliness, and transparency that the firms need if they are expected to operate effectively in a highly competitive and rapidly changing global marketplace. The authors conclude with six recommendations that the U.S. Department of Commerce should adopt to best fulfill its responsibilities for promoting the U.S. commercial remote sensing industry and for encouraging the competitiveness of new private imaging satellite firms.

The technical, scientific, policy, and institutional environment for conducting Earth science research has been changing rapidly over the past few decades. Changes in the technical environment are due both to the advent of new types and sources of remote sensing data, which have higher spatial and spectral resolution, and to the development of vastly expanded capabilities in data access, visualization, spatial data integration, and data management. The scientific environment is changing because of the strong emphasis on global change research, both nationally and internationally, and the evolving data requirements for that research. And the policy and institutional environment for the production of Earth observation data is changing with the diversification of both remote sensing data and the institutions that produce the data. In this report, the Space Studies Board's Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization explores the implications of this changing environment, examining the opportunities and challenges it presents.

Remote sensing and geospatial data processing are rapidly evolving and increasingly important fields with widespread applications. In this monograph, Glackin and Peltzer trace the evolution of remote sensing satellites and their instruments and geospatial data processing, document the state of the art, and present key trends emerging for the next decade. The authors emphasize the increasing commercialization and international expansion of the field, particularly in the field of imaging satellites and the use of geographic information systems to make remote sensing data more accessible.

U.S. space-based remote sensing programs and activities are facing a number of critical junctures in the coming decade. The U.S. government will have some critical decisions about its own requirements for exploiting remote sensing capabilities for environmental, meteorological, and national security uses, balanced against limited and decreasing budgets for those activities. Furthermore, there are ongoing debates within the Administration, in the Congress, and by the American public over the extent of the role government should play in fostering the commercial remote sensing sector. The explosion in geographical information system technologies for enhancing raw remote sensing data is also encouraging the development of a commercial market. These trends and others, such as expanding international capabilities, have combined to produce a dynamic remote sensing arena-an arena requiring a balanced approach to resource allocation and long-range planning. This Note presents a survey of remote sensing policy issues for the 1990s, with the purpose of assisting in the development of a future space-related RAND research agenda.