This book is the first in aseries on novellow power design architectures, methods and design practices. It results from of a large European project started in 1997, whose goal is to promote the further development and the faster and wider industrial use of advanced design methods for reducing the power consumption of electronic systems. Low power design became crucial with the wide spread of portable information and cornrnunication terminals, where a small battery has to last for a long period. High performance electronics, in addition, suffers from a permanent increase of the dissipated power per square millimetre of silicon, due to the increasing eIock-rates, which causes cooling and reliability problems or otherwise limits the performance. The European Union's Information Technologies Programme 'Esprit' did there fore launch a 'Pilot action for Low Power Design' , wh ich eventually grew to 19 R&D projects and one coordination project, with an overall budget of 14 million Euro. It is meanwhile known as European Low Power Initiative for Electronic System Design (ESD-LPD) and will be completed by the end of 2001. It involves 30 major Euro pean companies and 20 well-known institutes. The R&D projects aims to develop or demonstrate new design methods for power reduction, while the coordination project takes care that the methods, experiences and results are properly documented and pub licised.

Índice abreviado: 1. DTSE in programmable architectures 2. Related compiler work on data transfer and storage management 3. Global loop transformations 4. System-level storage requirement estimation 5. Automated data reuse exploration techniques 6. Storage cycle budget distribution 7. Cache optimization 8. Demonstrator designs 9. Conclussions and future work.

This book introduces a generic and systematic design-time/run-time methodology for handling the dynamic nature of modern embedded systems, without adding large safety margins in the design. The techniques introduced can be utilized on top of most existing static mapping methodologies to deal effectively with dynamism and to increase drastically their efficiency. This methodology is based on the concept of system scenarios, which group system behaviors that are similar from a multi-dimensional cost perspective, such as resource requirements, delay, and energy consumption. Readers will be enabled to design systems capable to adapt to current inputs, improving system quality and/or reducing cost, possibly learning on-the-fly during execution. Provides an effective solution to deal with dynamic system design Includes a broad survey of the state-of-the-art approaches in this domain Enables readers to design for substantial cost improvements (e.g. energy reductions), by exploiting system scenarios Demonstrates how the methodology has been applied effectively on various, real design problems in the embedded system context

Modern consumers carry many electronic devices, like a mobile phone, digital camera, GPS, PDA and an MP3 player. The functionality of each of these devices has gone through an important evolution over recent years, with a steep increase in both the number of features as in the quality of the services that they provide. However, providing the required compute power to support (an uncompromised combination of) all this functionality is highly non-trivial. Designing processors that meet the demanding requirements of future mobile devices requires the optimization of the embedded system in general and of the embedded processors in particular, as they should strike the correct balance between flexibility, energy efficiency and performance. In general, a designer will try to minimize the energy consumption (as far as needed) for a given performance, with a sufficient flexibility. However, achieving this goal is already complex when looking at the processor in isolation, but, in reality, the processor is a single component in a more complex system. In order to design such complex system successfully, critical decisions during the design of each individual component should take into account effect on the other parts, with a clear goal to move to a global Pareto optimum in the complete multi-dimensional exploration space. In the complex, global design of battery-operated embedded systems, the focus of Ultra-Low Energy Domain-Specific Instruction-Set Processors is on the energy-aware architecture exploration of domain-specific instruction-set processors and the co-optimization of the datapath architecture, foreground memory, and instruction memory organisation with a link to the required mapping techniques or compiler steps at the early stages of the design. By performing an extensive energy breakdown experiment for a complete embedded platform, both energy and performance bottlenecks have been identified, together with the important relations between the different components. Based on this knowledge, architecture extensions are proposed for all the bottlenecks.

This book provides a systematic and unified methodology, including basic principles and reusable processes, for dynamic memory management (DMM) in embedded systems. The authors describe in detail how to design and optimize the use of dynamic memory in modern, multimedia and network applications, targeting the latest generation of portable embedded systems, such as smartphones. Coverage includes a variety of design and optimization topics in electronic design automation of DMM, from high-level software optimization to microarchitecture-level hardware support. The authors describe the design of multi-layer dynamic data structures for the final memory hierarchy layers of the target portable embedded systems and how to create a low-fragmentation, cost-efficient, dynamic memory management subsystem out of configurable components for the particular memory allocation and de-allocation patterns for each type of application. The design methodology described in this book is based on propagating constraints among design decisions from multiple abstraction levels (both hardware and software) and customizing DMM according to application-specific data access and storage behaviors.

Mobile multimedia broadcasting compasses a broad range of topics including radio propagation, modulation and demodulation, error control, signal compression and coding, transport and time slicing, system on chip real-time implementation in ha- ware, software and system levels. The major goal of this technology is to bring multimedia enriched contents to handheld devices such as mobile phones, portable digital assistants, and media players through radio transmission or internet pro- col (IP) based broadband networks. Research and development of mobile multi- dia broadcasting technologies are now explosively growing and regarded as new killer applications. A number of mobile multimedia broadcasting standards related to transmission, compression and multiplexing now coexist and are being ext- sively further developed. The development and implementation of mobile multi- dia broadcasting systems are very challenging tasks and require the huge efforts of the related industry, research and regulatory authorities so as to bring the success. From an implementation design and engineering practice point of view, this book aims to be the ?rst single volume to provide a comprehensive and highly coherent treatment for multiple standards of mobile multimedia broadcasting by covering basic principles, algorithms, design trade-off, and well-compared implementation system examples. This book is organized into 4 parts with 22 chapters.

The power consumption of integrated circuits is one of the most problematic considerations affecting the design of high-performance chips and portable devices. The study of power-saving design methodologies now must also include subjects such as systems on chips, embedded software, and the future of microelectronics. Low-Power Electronics Design covers all major aspects of low-power design of ICs in deep submicron technologies and addresses emerging topics related to future design. This volume explores, in individual chapters written by expert authors, the many low-power techniques born during the past decade. It also discusses the many different domains and disciplines that impact power consumption, including processors, complex circuits, software, CAD tools, and energy sources and management. The authors delve into what many specialists predict about the future by presenting techniques that are promising but are not yet reality. They investigate nanotechnologies, optical circuits, ad hoc networks, e-textiles, as well as human powered sources of energy. Low-Power Electronics Design delivers a complete picture of today's methods for reducing power, and also illustrates the advances in chip design that may be commonplace 10 or 15 years from now.