L'OBJECTIF DE CETTE THESE EST DE PROPOSER UNE PLATE-FORME GLOBALE ET OUVERTE DE GESTION INTELLIGENTE DE RESEAUX HETEROGENES, DE SPECIFIER ET CONCEVOIR UNE TELLE PLATE-FORME EN UTILISANT UNE METHODE DE CONCEPTION ET DE DEVELOPPEMENT ORIENTEE OBJET. EN APPLIQUANT LES METHODES ORIENTEES OBJETS ET EN SUIVANT LES NORMES DE GESTION, NOUS AVONS CONCU UN MODELE GENERIQUE DE GESTION DE RESEAUX ET SYSTEMES HETEROGENES. CE MODELE PEUT SERVIR, A LA FOIS POUR MODELISER DES RESEAUX QUELCONQUES, MAIS AUSSI A GUIDER DANS LA CONCEPTION DE NOUVEAUX SYSTEMES DE GESTION ET DE NOUVEAUX RESEAUX. L'ETUDE DES BESOINS EN GESTION DE FAUTES SUR DES RESEAUX ET DES TECHNIQUES D'INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIELLE, NOUS A PERMIS DE PROPOSER UN SYSTEME GLOBAL ET INTELLIGENT DE GESTION DE FAUTES DE RESEAUX. CE SYSTEME UTILISE UNE ARCHITECTURE HYBRIDE QUI PERMET D'INTEGRER DIFFERENTES TECHNIQUES DANS UN SYSTEME GLOBAL. POUR VALIDER NOS PROPOSITIONS, NOUS AVONS REALISE UN PROTOTYPE DEMONSTRATIF D'UN SYSTEME INTELLIGENT DE GESTION DE FAUTES, DANS LE CADRE D'UN PROGRAMME DE RECHERCHE COMMUN A L'INT ET A LA SOCIETE CS TELECOM. LE PROTOTYPE A ETE MONTRE AU SALON INTERNATIONAL TN 93 (TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK 93) A PARIS

New ID card systems are proliferating around the world. These may use digitized fingerprints or photos, may be contactless, using a scanner, and above all, may rely on computerized registries of personal information. In this timely new contribution, David Lyon argues that such IDs represent a fresh phase in the long-term attempts of modern states to find stable ways of identifying citizens. New ID systems are “new” because they are high-tech. But their newness is also seen crucially in the ways that they contribute to new means of governance. The rise of e-Government and global mobility along with the aftermath of 9/11 and fears of identity theft are propelling the trend towards new ID systems. This is further lubricated by high technology companies seeking lucrative procurements, giving stakes in identification practices to agencies additional to nation-states, particularly technical and commercial ones. While the claims made for new IDs focus on security, efficiency and convenience, each proposal is also controversial. Fears of privacy-loss, limits to liberty, government control, and even of totalitarian tendencies are expressed by critics. This book takes an historical, comparative and sociological look at citizen-identification, and new ID cards in particular. It concludes that their widespread use is both likely and, without some strong safeguards, troublesome, though not necessarily for the reasons most popularly proposed. Arguing that new IDs demand new approaches to identification practices given their potential for undermining trust and contributing to social exclusion, David Lyon provides the clearest overview of this topical area to date.

This important and insightful book provides, for the first time, a broad presentation of ongoing research into public participation in landscape conservation, management and planning, following the 2000 European Landscape Convention which came into force in 2004. The book examines both the theory of participation and what lessons can be learnt from specific European examples. It explores in what manner and to what extent the provisions for participation in the European Landscape Convention have been followed up and implemented. It also presents and compares different experiences of participation in selected countries from northern, southern, eastern and western Europe, and provides a critical examination of public participation in practice. However, while the book’s focus is necessarily on Europe, many of the conclusions drawn are of global relevance. The book provides a valuable reference for researchers and advanced students in landscape policies and management, as well as for professionals and others interested in land-use planning and environmental management.

A 2002 survey of economics of contracts appealing to scholars in economics, management and law.

Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.

This book examines how the computer, as we currently know it, will be replaced by a new generation of technologies, moving computing off the desktop and ultimately integrating it with real world objects and everyday environments. It provides a unique combination of concepts, methods and prototypes of ubiquitous and pervasive computing reflecting the current interest in smart environments and ambient intelligence.