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Excerpt from Underwater Explosion Bubbles III: The Effects of the Surface and the Bottom on the Shape and Motion of the Bubble In our first report, Underwater Explosion Bubbles I, [l], we considered a compressible liquid and showed that the oscillations would then be damped. In our second report, Underwater Explosion Bubbles II, we considered gravity and showed how it would effect the shape of the bubble and also cause it to rise. In the present report we consider the effects of the water surface and bottom in addition to gravity, and show how they effect the shape and motion of the bubble. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Current knowledge of the physical effects of underwater explosions on the environment is summarized, with particular attention to the heating of water, the mixing of explosion products with water, and cratering. Theory and data indicate that thermal effects on the environment are negligible because rapid turbulent mixing reduces any temperature excess to a negligible amount within minutes. Virtually no data are available on the mixing of explosion products with water and air. However, information on the bubble and surface phenomena of underwater explosions has been utilized to provide qualitative guidance concerning the distributions immediately after a test. Existing theories of turbulent diffusion can be applied to calculate the subsequent history of the products. Knowledge of the physical effects of bottom explosions on the environment is limited to crater measurements in shallow water and some data on the behavior of explosion bubbles in deep water. Suggested programs to fill gaps in current knowledge are outlined. (Author).