Current theories of visual change detection emphasize the importance of conscious attention to detect unexpected changes in the visual environment. However, an increasing body of studies shows that the human brain is capable of detecting even small visual changes, especially if such changes violate non-conscious probabilistic expectations based on repeating experiences. In other words, our brain automatically represents statistical regularities of our visual environmental. Since the discovery of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential (ERP) component, the majority of research in the field has focused on auditory deviance detection. Such automatic change detection mechanisms operate in the visual modality too, as indicated by the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) brain potential to rare changes. VMMN is typically elicited by stimuli with infrequent (deviant) features embedded in a stream of frequent (standard) stimuli, outside the focus of attention. In this research topic we aim to present vMMN as a prediction error signal. Predictive coding theories account for phenomena such as mismatch negativity and repetition suppression, and place them in a broader context of a general theory of cortical responses. A wide range of vMMN studies has been presented in this Research Topic. Twelve articles address roughly four general sub-themes including attention, language, face processing, and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, four articles focused on particular subjects such as the oblique effect, object formation, and development and time-frequency analysis of vMMN. Furthermore, a review paper presented vMMN in a hierarchical predictive coding framework. Each paper in this Research Topic is a valuable contribution to the field of automatic visual change detection and deepens our understanding of the short term plasticity underlying predictive processes of visual perceptual learning.

Best-selling introductory chemical engineering book - now updated with far more coverage of biotech, nanotech, and green engineering Thoroughly covers material balances, gases, liquids, and energy balances. Contains new biotech and bioengineering problems throughout.

Understanding IBM SOA Foundation Suite Learning Visually with Examples Master the IBM SOA Foundation Through 26 Hands-On, Start-to-Finish Tutorials The IBM SOA Foundation Suite is an integrated, open-standards-based set of software, best practices, and patterns that help you systematically maximize the business value of SOA. Understanding IBM SOA Foundation Suite brings together 26 hands-on tutorials that will help you master IBM SOA Foundation and apply it successfully in your organization. Four of IBM’s SOA practitioners identify core IBM SOA Foundation components and usage scenarios, and walk you step-by-step through implementing them in real-world environments. This book’s self-contained tutorials are presented both in print and through video on the accompanying CD-ROM, showing you the results of every action immediately, whether you’re running the software or not. Using these tutorials, technical professionals can quickly move up the learning curve, discovering how each product works, and how they fit together. You’ll gain the big picture overview you need to make intelligent up-front decisions, and all the hands-on practice you need to prototype working solutions. Coverage includes Designing services with UML, sharing designs via HTML files, and transforming designs to and from Java with IBM Rational Software Architect Creating services with IBM Rational Application Developer, and deploying them with IBM WebSphere Application Server Implementing effective service governance with IBM WebSphere Service Registry and Repository Integrating existing services into new business processes with IBM WebSphere Integration Developer and IBM WebSphere Process Server Connecting services with IBM WebSphere Message Broker Developing, testing, deploying, and managing portlets with IBM WebSphere Portlet Factory and IBM WebSphere Portal Systematically securing services with IBM Tivoli Federated Identity Manager

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The second edition of Building Energy Simulation includes studies of various components and systems of buildings and their effect on energy consumption, with the help of DesignBuilderTM, a front-end for the EnergyPlus simulation engine, supported by examples and exercises. The book employs a "learning by doing" methodology. It explains simulation-input parameters and how-to-do analysis of the simulation output, in the process explaining building physics and energy simulation. Divided into three sections, it covers the fundamentals of energy simulation followed by advanced topics in energy simulation and simulation for compliance with building codes and detailed case studies for comprehensive building energy simulation. Features: Focuses on learning building energy simulation while being interactive through examples and exercises. Explains the building physics and the science behind the energy performance of buildings. Encourages an integrated design approach by explaining the interactions between various building systems and their effect on energy performance of building. Discusses a how-to model for building energy code compliance including three projects to practice whole building simulation. Provides hands-on training of building energy simulation tools: DesignBuilderTM and EnergyPlus. Includes practical projects problems, appendices and CAD files in the e-resources section. Building Energy Simulation is intended for students and researchers in building energy courses, energy simulation professionals, and architects.