The photoinduced dynamics of radical precursors in solution were investigated by means of femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy assisted by quantum chemical calculations. The investigated systems show a wide range of excited state lifetimes ranging from tens of femtoseconds to nanoseconds. Thus, in the first case, on the investigated time scale the dynamics of the generated radicals can be additionally investigated. In the latter case only the excited singlet lifetime is observable.

The eighteenth century produced more inventive actors than fine dramatists, and it displayed its actors to increasing advantage as theatre management became more expert, and stage design more ambitious. First published in 1972, the eleven papers collected in The Eighteenth-Century English Stage, originally read at a Manchester University Symposium in July 1971, follow this historical emphasis. Two papers are centred on dramatists, four on actors, three on managers, and two on designers. Malcolm Kelsall analyses Steele’s debt to Terence, using his classical scholarship as illuminatingly as Edgar Roberts uses his musical scholarship in writing about the songs in Fielding’s plays. George Taylor compares and evaluates a number of theories of acting, and speculates on the likely relevance of the best-known books on rhetoric, whilst Kathleen Barker, Arnold Hare, and David Rostron consider the work of individual actors – Powell, Cooke, and John Kemble. Theatre managers are represented by John Rich in Paul Sawyer’s sympathetic account, Thomas Harris, who is given new life in the recent researches of Cecil Price, and Stephen Kemble, fixed by Kenneth Robinson in canny control of the Newcastle theatre circuit. Finally, Graham Barlow reaches some controversial conclusions about the dimensions of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, by subjecting Thornhill’s sketches to a practising designer’s statistical examination, and Sybil Rosenfeld carries a stage further her pioneering work on eighteenth-century scene-painting and design. The two last are attractively illustrated by 8 pages of plates. This book’s particular value lies in its bringing together several simply presented but deeply informed explorations of often neglected aspects of the eighteenth-century theatre. The papers, with their general sense of enthusiasm and concern for their subject, will interest all students of the eighteenth century, and theatre enthusiasts in particular.

This book sheds new light on component surfaces and the scientific fundamentals of their creation, characterization, and application. The book also provides a new interdisciplinary perspective on the topic, studying component surfaces with a multiscale approach and linking fundamental and applied research. The book builds on the success of the coordinated research project funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) from 2011 – 2023: the CollaborativeResearch Center CRC 926 “Microscale Morphology of Component Surfaces (MI-COS)”, in which, over the years, 100+ researchers have co-operated at the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany, and affiliated institutes, yielding 500+ scientific papers in journals from different fields of science and engineering. Divided into 2 main parts, the book starts with an introduction to the concept of Manufacturing-Morphology-Property (MMP) Relationships and dives into the fundamentals and technologies, including topics such as the geometrical, microstructural, and chemical characterization, indentation, and scratching on the nanoscale, micro milling and micro grinding, cryogenic machining, cold spraying, and additive manufacturing. In the first part, readers discover more about the interactions between particles and surfaces, the interrelationship of manufacturing, surface morphology and properties of titanium, the influence of manufacturing and load conditions on the phase transformation and fatigue of austenitic stainless steels, and the influence of surface morphology on fatigue and tribological behavior of Transformation-Induced-Plasticity (TRIP)/Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steels. The second part of this book is devoted to the applications of component surfaces, covering topics like the manufacturing of areal material measures, MMP relationships for rotating shaft sealing systems, the influence of the surface morphology on rolling bearing life under mixed lubrication, MMP relationships for chain joints, and MMP for biofilms. Scientists and engineers who deal with the influence of surfaces on macroscopic properties of components and who are interested in designing and manufacturing these surfaces to obtain desired component properties will understand the appeal of this work. Given its interdisciplinary breadth, the book also appeals to scholars and professionals in the fields of mechanical engineering, process engineering, and physics.

The ultrafast excited state dynamics of the small donor-acceptor molecules ortho-, meta- and para-nitrophenol, their corresponding phenolates as well as selected type-I photoinitiators have been studied by means of steady state UV-Vis and femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy in the liquid phase. The investigated compounds are characterized by intramolecular charge transfer in the ultra violet. The experimental findings were assisted by ab initio calculations at the (TD)-DFT and the CASSCF level of theory.

This work aims at deeper understanding of chemical reaction dynamics, ultrafast photochemical and photophysical relaxation pathways, and energy redistribution and dissipation in the liquid phase on a femto-to-picosecond timescale. Breaking and making of chemical bonds, structural reorganization, and energy flow are all the essence of chemistry, and all occur on the time scale of molecular vibrations (tens of femtoseconds). Important insights about the structure of evolving molecules, relaxation phenomena, and ultrafast photochemical and photophysical population dynamics can be obtained using sub-50-fs time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. As a result, highly viable and/or unique information about the mechanism of relaxation dynamics and the nature of short-lived intermediates can be gained. Furthermore, ultrashort laser pulses with duration of 100 fs or shorter can help set up and detect coherent motion in vibronic excited and ground states. Coherence observed in product states provides the knowledge about electronic and nuclear motion along the relaxation path. This yields the information about the potential energy surfaces involved in the photochemical or photophysical process that occurs. The knowledge acquired from such experiments can be used as an entry point for control of femtochemical processes in solution. The technical aspect of this work focuses on developing and optimizing the ultrafast transient absorption setup for studying ultra-rapid photochemical relaxation dynamics in the molecules of interest, namely, geminal dibromocycloalkanes and halogen-containing transition metal complexes. Excitation pulses from deep-UV to near-IR were temporally compressed using prisms compressors to generate sub-40 fs laser pulses. Also, stable white-light continuum pulses used for probing were generated in the wide spectral range of 280 - 760 nm. This thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part provides information about ultrafast dynamics (10-fs time resolution after deconvolution) of geminal dibromocycloalkanes. The second part covers ultrafast radiationless relaxation dynamics of halogen-containing transition metal complexes (IrBr62-, IrCl62-, etc.). A particular focus in this part is on excitation into several vibronic states of the different nature (ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) and intraconfigurational), where the lowest-excited intraconfigurational state is accessed via direct femtosecond near-IR (2000 nm) excitation.

The breadth of scientific and technological interests in the general topic of photochemistry is truly enormous and includes, for example, such diverse areas as microelectronics, atmospheric chemistry, organic synthesis, non-conventional photoimaging, photosynthesis, solar energy conversion, polymer technologies, and spectroscopy. This Specialist Periodical Report on Photochemistry aims to provide an annual review of photo-induced processes that have relevance to the above wide-ranging academic and commercial disciplines, and interests in chemistry, physics, biology and technology. In order to provide easy access to this vast and varied literature, each volume of Photochemistry comprises sections concerned with photophysical processes in condensed phases, organic aspects which are sub-divided by chromophore type, polymer photochemistry, and photochemical aspects of solar energy conversion. Volume 34 covers literature published from July 2001 to June 2002. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.

The Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series present timely and informative summaries of the current progress in a variety of subject areas within inorganic chemistry, ranging from bio-inorganic to solid state studies. This acclaimed serial features reviews written by experts in the field and serves as an indispensable reference to advanced researchers. Each volume contains an index, and each chapter is fully referenced. Features comprehensive reviews on the latest developments Includes contributions from leading experts in the field Serves as an indispensable reference to advanced researchers