Type 2 Diabetes and Dementia details the relationship between diabetes, dementia and the future of medicine and therapeutics. Chapters range from epidemiology, clinical features, neuroimaging biomarkers, neuropathology, macrostructural and molecular mechanisms, risk assessment and prevention strategies, and the application of therapeutics. The book reflects the translational aspects of the current science in the field, with an emphasis on the display of neuroimaging and neuropathology. It contains contributions from world experts, and is ideal for clinicians and researchers in the fields of neurology, neuroscience, geriatric medicine and endocrinology. Presents a comprehensive overview that details the relationship between diabetes, dementia and the future of medicine and therapeutics Written for researchers and clinicians in neurology, neuroscience, geriatric medicine and endocrinology Includes topics ranging from epidemiology, clinical features, neuroimaging biomarkers, neuropathology, macrostructural and molecular mechanisms, risk assessment, prevention strategies and therapeutic applications

The editor of this volume, having research interests in the field of ROS production and the damage to cellular systems, has identified a number of enzymes showing ·OH scavenging activities details of which are anticipated to be published in the near future as confirmatory experiments are awaited. It is hoped that the information presented in this book on NDs will stimulate both expert and novice researchers in the field with excellent overviews of the current status of research and pointers to future research goals. Clinicians, nurses as well as families and caregivers should also benefit from the material presented in handling and treating their specialised cases. Also the insights gained should be valuable for further understanding of the diseases at molecular levels and should lead to development of new biomarkers, novel diagnostic tools and more effective therapeutic drugs to treat the clinical problems raised by these devastating diseases.

The American diet is typically high in sugar consumption and extremely acidic. This lifestyle leads to insulin resistance, inflammation, diabetes, high blood pressure, risk for heart attack or stroke, and possibly dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. In The New Threat of Type 3 Diabetes, authors Alan D. Raguso and Maria Lizotte offer an understanding of diabetes, discussing why people’s health declines and why they get sick. Based on their personal and professional experiences with diabetes, they discuss concepts of body chemistry, look at inflammation as a health risk, and share how it’s a result of improper food intake, heredity, and environmental conditions, along with economics, poor pH balance, lack of moderate exercise, and the modern technological world. Raguso and Lizotte tell how type 3 diabetes is a newly accepted category, connecting a lifetime of damage caused by excessive blood sugar levels. With illustrations and graphics included, The New Threat of Type 3 Diabetes reviews the basic definitions of medical terms, the possible connections to prediabetes, type 2 and type 3 diabetes, and the steps that can be taken to prevent or reverse these diseases. Raguso and Lizotte suggest ways to make simple changes to live more healthily, better, and longer.

Literature Review from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Internal Medicine, grade: C, , language: English, abstract: Dementia is a multifaceted syndrome with a significant public health, social, and economic burden; there are forty-four million people affected by the disease worldwide according to the most recent estimate.The number is projected to double by the year 2030 and to triple by 2050. Alzheimer's disease (AD, or type-3 diabetes mellitus) and vascular dementia are the most common forms of dementia. Lifestyle risk factors including obesity and type 2 diabetes increase the risk for the development of both vascular and nonvascular dementia in later life. Previous literature reported that people with diabetes mellitus had 70% greater risk for dementia development.Traditionally, type-2 diabetes and AD (type-3 diabetes) have been thought as independent disorders; recent literature suggests possible links that could lead to common effective modalities of treatment. Furthermore, the highly innervated pancreas shares many features with the brain at molecular levels. Metformin is recommended as the first line for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its effectiveness, favorable effects on lipids and cardiovascular risks, and safety profile.The previous restriction of the use of metformin in patients with the moderate renal disease is loosened by the Food and Drug Organization(5,6). Thus the use of this valuable and affordable drug is expected to increase. The American Diabetes Association recommended the periodic measurement of vitamin B12 and supplementation as needed to reflect the recent evidence showing the association of long-term use of metformin and B12 deficiency.Although the role of vitamin B12 deficiency in the development of dementia is well-established, the role of metformin in B12 deficiency and dementia remain to be elucidated. Insulin resistance is considered as a primary factor for the association of diabetes mellitus and dementia. However, the role of insulin sensitizer in the prevention of dementia remains unclear.Furthermore, there is an increasing concern about the role of metformin in cognitive disorders.Thus we conducted this narrative review, in this study we reviewed the literature to assess the interaction of Alzheimer's disease, the gut, and its microbiome, and to assess the role of metformin and other drugs used for type 1&2 diabetes mellitus as possible therapies for the AD. The role of microbiota and fecal transplantation on cognitive disorders was also discussed.

Literature Review from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Internal Medicine, grade: C, language: English, abstract: Dementia is a multifaceted syndrome with a significant public health, social, and economic burden; there are forty-four million people affected by the disease worldwide according to the most recent estimate.The number is projected to double by the year 2030 and to triple by 2050. Alzheimer's disease (AD, or type-3 diabetes mellitus) and vascular dementia are the most common forms of dementia. Lifestyle risk factors including obesity and type 2 diabetes increase the risk for the development of both vascular and nonvascular dementia in later life. Previous literature reported that people with diabetes mellitus had 70% greater risk for dementia development.Traditionally, type-2 diabetes and AD (type-3 diabetes) have been thought as independent disorders; recent literature suggests possible links that could lead to common effective modalities of treatment. Furthermore, the highly innervated pancreas shares many features with the brain at molecular levels. Metformin is recommended as the first line for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its effectiveness, favorable effects on lipids and cardiovascular risks, and safety profile.The previous restriction of the use of metformin in patients with the moderate renal disease is loosened by the Food and Drug Organization(5,6). Thus the use of this valuable and affordable drug is expected to increase. The American Diabetes Association recommended the periodic measurement of vitamin B12 and supplementation as needed to reflect the recent evidence showing the association of long-term use of metformin and B12 deficiency.Although the role of vitamin B12 deficiency in the development of dementia is well-established, the role of metformin in B12 deficiency and dementia remain to be elucidated. Insulin resistance is considered as a primary factor for the association of diabetes melli

The thought of living out one's life with dementia conjures up a helpless and foreboding feeling. What if it happens to me?Can I do anything to prevent it?One in ten people age 65 and older has Alzheimer's, and the prevalence of the disease jumps to three in ten after the age of 85. One in three seniors will die from Alzheimer's or another form of dementia according to the Alzheimer's Association. The financial burden for top level care can be staggering, and the difficult challenges imposed by attending to care and finances can be extremely stressful and exhausting for family as well as caretakers.Is there an answer for you and the Alzheimer's pandemic that is projected to almost triple by the year 2050? To date, drug trials are struggling to provide any meaningful interventions, and it is unlikely that a pharmaceutical centered approach will provide anything resembling a cure or a reversal of the disease process anytime soon. There is hope! The solution is based on early detection and intervention. Scientific research as well as many enlightened physicians and clinics are now demonstrating that prevention is possible, and the key lies in a comprehensive evaluation of your risk for Alzheimer's long before the onset of dementia. This is vital as we now know that the Alzheimer's disease process starts decades before you might notice you are in trouble.Don't wait to be diagnosed! The Diabetic Brain in Alzheimer's Disease reveals the most critical and common risk factors for Alzheimer's disease as you age, and how you can take control of your risk. The in-depth science-based information in this book will illuminate your path to protecting your brain and drastically reducing your odds of developing Alzheimer's as you age. Read this book and discover the actionable steps that you can begin taking now to save your brain from dementia.

This book describes the precise mechanisms by which insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus (DM) act as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It opens by discussing the de novo synthesis of insulin in the brain and its functional significance with regard to glucose metabolism and maintenance of neuronal function in the brain. The epidemiological evidence that DM is a risk factor for the development of dementia, including AD as well as vascular dementia, is then examined. Subsequent chapters explore in depth the mechanisms involved in this relationship, including abnormal protein processing, dysregulated glucose metabolism, impaired insulin signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The molecular interactions between diabetes and AD are fully discussed, highlighting the pathological molecular mechanisms induced by diabetes that promote and accelerate AD pathology. Finally, diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic approaches for AD are considered on the basis of the presented evidence. In providing answers to the critical questions of whether and why DM is a risk factor for AD, this book will hold appeal for a wide interdisciplinary audience.