The first comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art tunable micro-optics, covering advances in materials, components and systems.

Due to the development of microscale fabrication methods, microlenses are being used more and more in many unique applications, such as artificial implementations of compound eyes, optical communications, and labs-on-chips. Liquid microlenses, in particular, represent an important and growing research area yet there are no books devoted to this top

This book covers device design fundamentals and system applications in optical MEMS and nanophotonics. Expert authors showcase examples of how fusion of nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) with nanophotonic elements is creating powerful new photonic devices and systems including MEMS micromirrors, MEMS tunable filters, MEMS-based adjustable lenses and apertures, NEMS-driven variable silicon nanowire waveguide couplers, and NEMS tunable photonic crystal nanocavities. The book also addresses system applications in laser scanning displays, endoscopic systems, space telescopes, optical telecommunication systems, and biomedical implantable systems. Presents efforts to scale down mechanical and photonic elements into the nano regime for enhanced performance, faster operational speed, greater bandwidth, and higher level of integration. Showcases the integration of MEMS and optical/photonic devices into real commercial products. Addresses applications in optical telecommunication, sensing, imaging, and biomedical systems. Prof. Vincent C. Lee is Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore. Prof. Guangya Zhou is Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at National University of Singapore.

This book deals with the latest achievements in the field of optical coherent microscopy. While many other books exist on microscopy and imaging, this book provides a unique resource dedicated solely to this subject. Similarly, many books describe applications of holography, interferometry and speckle to metrology but do not focus on their use for microscopy. The coherent light microscopy reference provided here does not focus on the experimental mechanics of such techniques but instead is meant to provide a users manual to illustrate the strengths and capabilities of developing techniques. The areas of application of this technique are in biomedicine, medicine, life sciences, nanotechnology and materials sciences.

Achieve the Best Camera Design: Up-to-Date Information on MCMsMiniature camera modules (MCMs), such as webcams, have rapidly become ubiquitous in our day-to-day devices, from mobile phones to interactive TV systems. MCMs-or "smart" cameras-can zoom, adjust their frame rate automatically with illumination change, focus at different distances, compen

The first sections of this report focus on flexible electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) microlens array sheets. Each liquid lens of the array is individually tunable via EWOD actuation and is situated on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, which allows the lens array to operate as a reconfigurable optical system. We demonstrated fabrication of a fully flexible 5 x 5 array and verified actuation to center droplets over the electrodes, after which this work on a flexible EWOD microlens array was expanded and revised with a new fabrication method to improve robustness of the device. The extended work conducted full, optical characterizations of the resulting lenses and lens system to demonstrate its imaging capabilities. We observed a significant increase in the field of view (FOV) of the system to 40.4° by wrapping it on a cylindrical surface as compared to the FOV of 21.5° obtained by the array on a planer surface. We also characterized the liquid lenses of the system, observing a range of focus length from 20.2 mm to 9.2 mm as increased voltage was applied to each EWOD lens. A Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) was used to measure the wavefront of the lens as it was actuated, and the aberrations of the lens were assessed by reporting the Zernike coefficients of the wavefronts. The final part of this work focuses on another kind of liquid lens, this one magnetically actuated. Here, instead of fabricating an array of microlenses, we focus our attention to a single, large (diameter equal to 15 mm) liquid lens. The lens is composed of two liquid chambers separated by a PDMS membrane, one filled with silicone oil and the other with water. The membrane deforms symmetrically in response to the Lorentz Force and is capable of achieving focal lengths from -111 mm to -305 mm when operating in the divergent regime and from 146 mm to 272 mm when operating in the convergent regime. We also characterized the aberration of the lens via a SHWS and observed changes in the shape of the wavefront produced by the lens as a function of voltage applied.