This book, based on my doctoral work, makes a modest attempt to study the processes and the problems involved in translating these texts mainly with regard to the all important task of achieving communicative and/or semantic equivalence proposed by Peter Newmark.

As an interdisciplinary area of research, translation studies attracts students and scholars with a wide range of backgrounds, who then need to face the challenge of accounting for a complex object of enquiry that does not adapt itself well to traditional methods in other fields of investigation. This book addresses the needs of such scholars – whether they are students doing research at postgraduate level or more experienced researchers who want to familiarize themselves with methods outside their current field of expertise. The book promotes a discerning and critical approach to scholarly investigation by providing the reader not only with the know-how but also with insights into how new questions can be fruitfully explored through the coherent integration of different methods of research. Understanding core principles of reliability, validity and ethics is essential for any researcher no matter what methodology they adopt, and a whole chapter is therefore devoted to these issues. Research Methodologies in Translation Studies is divided into four different chapters, according to whether the research focuses on the translation product, the process of translation, the participants involved or the context in which translation takes place. An introductory chapter discusses issues of reliability, credibility, validity and ethics. The impact of our research depends not only on its quality but also on successful dissemination, and the final chapter therefore deals with what is also generally the final stage of the research process: producing a research report.

Imposing UK tax on an entity or those linked to it involves understanding what kind of entity is being dealt with, especially when it is formed outside the UK. Is it a company, a partnership, a trust or something else? This often involves considering whether the entity is ‘tax transparent’ and if so, what that means. While of great importance, the UK tax rules for classifying entities are notoriously vague, as is the UK meaning of ‘tax transparency’. This book breaks new ground by exploring these topics comprehensively, in a world which is well aware of the problems created by entity classification mismatches. In so doing, it addresses, with emphasis on UK tax law, issues such as: the meaning of a ‘partnership’ and a ‘trust’; what is meant and is not meant by ‘tax transparency’, across a range of taxes and situations; how tax treaties have dealt with entity classification questions and related ‘transparency’ issues; how entity classification questions are impacted by EU law; and how the UK approach could be improved, policy-wise and practically, without facilitating tax avoidance. The book compares in detail the UK entity classification approach with that of the US, the Netherlands and France. Appendices consider the unusual UK capital gains tax treatment of partnerships, as well as the special transparency rules which can apply where a partnership is party to loans or derivative contracts, or owns intangible assets. Questions of entity classification and tax transparency are of fundamental importance in any mature tax system and especially in a globalised economy. This book unlocks those questions for both academics and practitioners.

Translation Ethics introduces the topic of ethics for students, researchers, and professional translators. Based on a successful course and written by an experienced instructor, the Introduction and nine core chapters offer an accessible examination of a wide range of interlocking topic areas, which combine to form a cohesive whole, guiding students through the key debates. Built upon a theoretical background founded in philosophy and moral theory, it outlines the main contributions in the area and traces the development of thought on ethics from absolutism to relativism, or, from staunchly-argued textual viewpoints to current lines of thought placing the translator as agent and an active – even interventionary – mediator. The textbook then examines the place of ethical enquiry in the context of professional translation, critiquing provision such as codes of ethics. Each chapter includes key discussion points, suggested topics for essays, presentations, or in-class debates, and an array of contextualised examples and case studies. Additional resources, including videos, weblinks, online activities, and PowerPoint slide presentations on the Routledge Translation studies portal provide valuable extra pedagogical support. This wide-ranging and accessible textbook has been carefully designed to be key reading for a wide range of courses, including distance-learning courses, from translation and interpreting ethics to translation theory and practice.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International] licence. It is free to read at Oxford Clinical Psychology Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. The theory of mentalizing and epistemic trust introduced by Peter Fonagy and colleagues at the Anna Freud Centre has been an important perspective on mental health and illness. Mentalizing and Epistemic Trust is the first comprehensive account and evaluation of this perspective. The book explores twenty primary concepts that organize the contributions of Fonagy and colleagues: adaptation, aggression, the alien self, culture, disorganized attachment, epistemic trust, hypermentalizing, reflective function, the P factor, pretend mode, the primary unconscious, psychic equivalence, mental illness, mentalizing, mentalization-based therapy, non-mentalizing, the self, sexuality, the social environment, and teleological mode. The biographical and social context of the development of these ideas is examined. The book also specifies the current strengths and limitations of the theory of mentalizing and epistemic trust, with attention to the implications for both clinicians and researchers. This book will be of interest to historians of the human sciences, developmental psychologists, and clinicians interested in taking a broader perspective on psychological theory and concepts.