A study of the laws, policies, and agencies under which state lands are managed in ten states.

An examination of state lands, from a state rather than federal government perspective. This study presents information from 22 US states in its discussion of state trust lands as models of public land administration.

Concentrated in nine western states, 42 million acres of state trust land represent an important public resource. Trust land managers, responsible for upholding the fiduciary purpose of these lands for the designated beneficiaries--primarily K-12 public schools--must actively and deliberately take advantage of opportunities to generate revenues while ensuring the long-term sustainability of the trust. This policy focus report offers an overview of the history and unique aspects of state trust lands and presents examples of new management strategies and tools that focus on asset management, residential and commercial development, conservation use, and collaborative planning.

States are obligated to generate income from state trust lands to fund public institutions, through mining, grazing, agriculture, or logging. However, this report--a product of Western Lands and Communities, a joint program of the Lincoln Institute and the Sonoran Institute--shows how conservation can be an equally robust source of revenue. From the mid-1700s to the late 1950s, state trust lands were granted to states upon their entrance into the Union for the sole purpose of supporting public institutions, primarily K-12 public schools. Eighty-five percent of the remaining 46 million acres of state trust lands are concentrated in the West. This report explores current and recommended strategies to conserve state trust lands with ecological and environmental value, while maintaining the trust obligation to earn revenue for K-12 schools and other beneficiaries. Building on the Lincoln Institute's previous report, State Trust Lands in the West: Fiduciary Duty in a Changing Landscape (2006), and a companion website, State Trust Lands (statetrustlands.org), the authors evaluate the pros and cons of the conservation mechanisms that are currently available to state trust land management agencies, including conservation sales and leases through easements or outright fee-simple purchases, contributory value and nonmonetary value, ecosystems services markets, and land tenure and exchange. They also offer recommendations for new methods to realize revenue from conservation activity. Key recommendations are to: expand the use of conservation sales and leases; improve the utility of contributory value in the master planning process; increase access to ecosystem services markets; and streamline the land tenure adjustment process, which includes reform of the appraisal process. Monetizing conservation will provide opportunities for land management agencies to pursue conservation options. All state trusts carry the mandate to fund beneficiaries in perpetuity, indicating the need for sustainable land management practices.

Nearly half of the western United States is owned by the federal government. In recent years, several western states have considered resolutions demanding that the federal government transfer much of this land to state ownership. These efforts are motivated by concerns over federal land management, including restrictions on natural resource development, poor land stewardship, limitations on access, and low financial returns. This study compares state and federal land management in the West. It examines the revenues and expenditures associated with federal land management and compares them with state trust land management in four western states: Montana, Idaho, New Mexico, and Arizona. The report explains why revenues and expenditures differ between state and federal land agencies and discusses several possible implications of transferring federal lands to the states.

This comprehensive report offers state trust land managers the latest strategies andtools for asset management, residential and commercial development, conservation use, and collaborative planning. Land managers will learn how to fulfill their trust responsibilitieswhile producing larger revenues for trust beneficiaries, accommodating publicinterests, and more.