The author explores how tribal governments have worked through the constraints of their eroded territory and sovereignty to provide effective leadership and governance.

While tribal territory and sovereignty guide the approaches of tribal governments, their ability to govern depends on other factors, such as leadership and economic developments. Through historical and political geography, the author examines how the erosion of tribal territory has affected tribal sovereignty on the Cheyenne River and Lake Traverse Indian Reservations. In particular, the book analyzes the concept of Indian Character as used by the United States Supreme Court in deciding diminishment cases involving the two reservations. The Court concluded that the Cheyenne River Indian Reservation has maintained its Indian Character while the Lake Traverse Indian Reservation has not. On the basis of Indian Character, the Court determined that the Lake Traverse Indian Reservation was diminished, and therefore, that the exterior borders of the reservation no longer define the tribe's territorial jurisdiction.

In the “tribal moment in American politics,” which occurred from the 1950s to the mid- to late-1970s, American Indians waged civil disobedience for tribal self-determination and fought from within the U.S. legal and political systems. The U.S. government responded characteristically, overall wielding its authority in incremental, frequently double-edged ways that simultaneously opened and restricted tribal options. The actions of Native Americans and public officials brought about a new era of tribal-American relations in which tribal sovereignty has become a central issue, underpinning self-determination, and involving the tribes, states, and federal government in intergovernmental cooperative activities as well as jurisdictional skirmishes. American Indian tribes struggle still with the impacts of a capitalist economy on their traditional ways of life. Most rely heavily on federal support. Yet they have also called on tribal sovereignty to protect themselves. Asking how and why the United States is willing to accept tribal sovereignty, this book examines the development of the “order” of Indian affairs. Beginning with the nation’s founding, it brings to light the hidden assumptions in that order. It examines the underlying deep contradictions that have existed in the relationship between the United States and the tribes as the order has evolved, up to and into the “tribal moment.”

The essays included in this collection help define Native American sovereignty in today's world. They draw upon past legal experiences and project into the future. The collection begins with a brief definition of sovereignty, followed by a consideration of the most important documents that show the relationships between Native American nations and the U.S. government. They continue with a study of how treaties were handled by Congress and the current and future implication of the treaty relationships. The selection concludes with a look at the issue of federal plenary power in terms of treaties and the evolution of American case law.

Political Principles and Indian Sovereignty examines the connection between the well being of Indian people, the sovereignty of Indian Nations and the democratic principles on which the United States was founded. Problems faced by Native Americans in health, education and general welfare are linked to the loss of sovereignty caused by the U.S. Government.