As a new type of technique, simplicial methods have yielded extremely important contributions toward solutions of a system of nonlinear equations. Theoretical investigations and numerical tests have shown that the performance of simplicial methods depends critically on the triangulations underlying them. This monograph describes some recent developments in triangulations and simplicial methods. It includes the D1-triangulation and its applications to simplicial methods. As a result, efficiency of simplicial methods has been improved significantly. Thus more effective simplicial methods have been developed.

Nonsmooth optimization covers the minimization or maximization of functions which do not have the differentiability properties required by classical methods. The field of nonsmooth optimization is significant, not only because of the existence of nondifferentiable functions arising directly in applications, but also because several important methods for solving difficult smooth problems lead directly to the need to solve nonsmooth problems, which are either smaller in dimension or simpler in structure.This book contains twenty five papers written by forty six authors from twenty countries in five continents. It includes papers on theory, algorithms and applications for problems with first-order nondifferentiability (the usual sense of nonsmooth optimization) second-order nondifferentiability, nonsmooth equations, nonsmooth variational inequalities and other problems related to nonsmooth optimization.

This monograph focuses on the mathematical and numerical analysis of simplicial partitions and the finite element method. This active area of research has become an essential part of physics and engineering, for example in the study of problems involving heat conduction, linear elasticity, semiconductors, Maxwell's equations, Einstein's equations and magnetic and gravitational fields. These problems require the simulation of various phenomena and physical fields over complicated structures in three (and higher) dimensions. Since not all structures can be decomposed into simpler objects like d-dimensional rectangular blocks, simplicial partitions are important. In this book an emphasis is placed on angle conditions guaranteeing the convergence of the finite element method for elliptic PDEs with given boundary conditions. It is aimed at a general mathematical audience who is assumed to be familiar with only a few basic results from linear algebra, geometry, and mathematical and numerical analysis.

Domain decomposition methods are divide and conquer computational methods for the parallel solution of partial differential equations of elliptic or parabolic type. The methodology includes iterative algorithms, and techniques for non-matching grid discretizations and heterogeneous approximations. This book serves as a matrix oriented introduction to domain decomposition methodology. A wide range of topics are discussed include hybrid formulations, Schwarz, and many more.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, ESA 2009, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in September 2009 in the context of the combined conference ALGO 2009. The 67 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected: 56 papers out of 222 submissions for the design and analysis track and 10 out of 36 submissions in the engineering and applications track. The papers are organized in topical sections on trees, geometry, mathematical programming, algorithmic game theory, navigation and routing, graphs and point sets, bioinformatics, wireless communiations, flows, matrices, compression, scheduling, streaming, online algorithms, bluetooth and dial a ride, decomposition and covering, algorithm engineering, parameterized algorithms, data structures, and hashing and lowest common ancestor.

This book analyzes and compares four closely related problems, namely linear programming, integer programming, linear integration, and linear summation (or counting). The book provides some new insights on duality concepts for integer programs.