The functional anatomy of organisms is maintained by the coordination of different systems, that often rely on particular interactions between specialized cells and between macromolecules. The immune system works with the circulatory and the lymphatic systems to protect most of the organs. However, some organs are considered immune privileged due to the presence of highly selective and regulated barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) within the brain. The BBB controls periphery-brain molecule exchange and prevents immune effector cells from entering the homeostatic brain. BBB-associated elements, such as endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia, potentially can function as antigen-presenting cells (APC). Pathological scenarios that induce dysfunction of the BBB and its associated cells may lead to the infiltration of lymphocytes crossing over from the blood to brain. Similarly, traumas can also enable B and T lymphocytes to pass bidirectionally between the CNS and the periphery, via the meningeal lymphatic vessels which drain into the cervical lymph nodes. Research in animals and in humans has revealed that B and T cells are involved in the progression of neurological diseases. It has been showed that under particular conditions, T cells establish themselves and become resident in the brain (T RM cells), from where they can either exert beneficial or detrimental effects on brain function. Amazing efforts have been made to further comprehend interactions between brain-specific cells and peripheral immune cells, and especially their roles and impact on the onset, progression, and eventual resolution of diverse brain pathologies.

A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq

Handbook of Innovations in CNS Regenerative Medicine provides a comprehensive overview of the CNS regenerative medicine field. The book describes the basic biology and anatomy of the CNS and how injury and disease affect its balance and the limitations of the present therapies used in the clinics. It also introduces recent trends in different fields of CNS regenerative medicine, including cell transplantation, bio and neuro-engineering, molecular/pharmacotherapy therapies and enabling technologies. Finally, the book presents successful cases of translation of basic research to first-in-human trials and the steps needed to follow this path. Areas such as cell transplantation approaches, bio and neuro-engineering, molecular/pharmacotherapy therapies and enabling technologies are key in regenerative medicine are covered in the book, along with regulatory and ethical issues. - Describes the basic biology and anatomy of the CNS and how injury and disease affect its balance - Discusses the limitations of present therapies used in the clinics - Introduces the recent trends in different fields of CNS regenerative medicine, including cell transplantation, bio and neuro-engineering, molecular/pharmacotherapy therapies, and enabling technologies - Presents successful cases of translation of basic research to first-in-human trials, along with the steps needed to follow this path

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

Translational NeuroImmunology: Neuroinflammation updates on bench to bedside studies on neurological disorders that have immunological etiologies. The book covers neuroimmunology and the principles of autoimmune and autoinflammatory neurological disorders, with multiple sclerosis as the main focus. The immunopathology, genetics and epigenetics, microbiome, diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis will be explained in ten chapters. A chapter also examines distinct aspects of pericytes, with final discussions on the neurologic manifestations, diagnostic approaches and treatments of the various neuroimmune disorders and lessons learned from translational research on non-human primates and zebrafish. All sections are presented in an accessible, practical format, making this volume a valuable resource for immunologists, neurologists and researchers in translational biomedical research. - Gives an introduction on neuroimmunological diseases, from bench to bedside - Encourages the development of immunologic approaches to analyze the interaction and specific properties of nervous tissue elements during development and disease - Focuses on understanding and therapeutically manipulating immunological responses to injury, degeneration and autoimmunity in the central nervous system - Proves changes in relevant immune and inflammatory reactions at the cellular and molecular level during the development of nervous system diseases