Milk is considered as a complete diet for an infant and contains essential nutrients for the development of young mammals. The substances in milk provide energy and antibodies that help protect against infection. Most farmers are paid for the quality and composition of their milk. Whole milk, once approved for use, is pumped into storage silos where it undergoes pasteurization, homogenization, separation, and further processing. Milk is a highly perishable commodity because it is an excellent medium for the growth of microorganisms - particularly bacterial pathogens - that can cause spoilage as well as diseases in consumers. Milk processing allows the preservation of milk for days, weeks, or months and helps to reduce food-borne illness.

Biometeorology continues to grow as a discipline. It is increasingly recognised for its importance in providing science of relevance to society and well being of the environment. This book is the first in a new book series on Biometeorology. The purpose of the new series is to communicate the interdisciplinary philosophy and science of biometeorology to as wide an audience as possible, introduce scientists and policy makers to the societal relevance of and recent developments in its s- fields and demonstrate how a biometeorological approach can provide insights to the understanding and possible solution of cross-cutting environmental issues. One such cross-cutting environmental issue is climate change. While the literature on the science of climate change, climate change mitigation and the impacts of climate change is voluminous, that on adaptation to climate change is meagre in comparison. The purpose of this book is to partly redress this imbalance by providing insights from a biometeorological perspective. The book acknowledges that society has a long history of adapting to the impacts associated with climatic variability and change but makes the point that climate change poses a real threat to already strained coping systems. Therefore there is a need to realign human use systems with changing climate conditions.

This conference proceedings takes a detailed look at the outlook for the dairy industry in the Baltics.

By 2050 the world's population is projected to grow by one-third, reaching between 9 and 10 billion. With globalization and expected growth in global affluence, a substantial increase in per capita meat, dairy, and fish consumption is also anticipated. The demand for calories from animal products will nearly double, highlighting the critical importance of the world's animal agriculture system. Meeting the nutritional needs of this population and its demand for animal products will require a significant investment of resources as well as policy changes that are supportive of agricultural production. Ensuring sustainable agricultural growth will be essential to addressing this global challenge to food security. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability identifies areas of research and development, technology, and resource needs for research in the field of animal agriculture, both nationally and internationally. This report assesses the global demand for products of animal origin in 2050 within the framework of ensuring global food security; evaluates how climate change and natural resource constraints may impact the ability to meet future global demand for animal products in sustainable production systems; and identifies factors that may impact the ability of the United States to meet demand for animal products, including the need for trained human capital, product safety and quality, and effective communication and adoption of new knowledge, information, and technologies. The agricultural sector worldwide faces numerous daunting challenges that will require innovations, new technologies, and new ways of approaching agriculture if the food, feed, and fiber needs of the global population are to be met. The recommendations of Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability will inform a new roadmap for animal science research to meet the challenges of sustainable animal production in the 21st century.

This book, Tropical Animal Health, describes the problems of animal diseases in the tropics, in the tropical environment, and in relation to particular production systems. In Part I, those basic scientific facts of the special host defence mechanism and of the host-pathogen relationship in the tropics, which hardly play any part in animal husbandry in temperate climates, are explained. Of special importance are the resistance mechanisms of autochthonous breeds and in contrast to them, the high susceptibility of exotic breeds in the tropics. It is explained how immuno- and chemoprophylaxis can be used as instruments for animal health measures if they are adapted to the socio-economic and ecological conditions of both the tropics and developing countries. Scientific details of immunology are presented as far as they are necessary to understand the epizo otiology of tropical diseases and diagnostic techniques for recognizing tropical diseases as well as the execution of prophylactic measures. Vector-borne diseases are the disease complexes most difficult to control since they are bound to the tropical environment, thanks to the biology of their vectors. Therefore, a special chapter has been dedicated to the description of biology and eradication of vectors of vector-borne diseases. The extent of the description varies according to the importance of the specific vector. The acaricides, insecticides and alternative methods used to control vectors are dis cussed in detail. The author has tried to present a world-wide picture, but it is not possible to cover every aspect completely.

Greenhouse gas emissions by the livestock sector could be cut by as much as 30 percent through the wider use of existing best practices and technologies. FAO conducted a detailed analysis of GHG emissions at multiple stages of various livestock supply chains, including the production and transport of animal feed, on-farm energy use, emissions from animal digestion and manure decay, as well as the post-slaughter transport, refrigeration and packaging of animal products. This report represents the most comprehensive estimate made to-date of livestocks contribution to global warming as well as the sectors potential to help tackle the problem. This publication is aimed at professionals in food and agriculture as well as policy makers.

The dairy industry has faced several challenges that have impacted dairy food quality and consumer acceptability. This book presents a different approach to address current issues and challenges facing the dairy industry. The book consists of seven chapters dealing with dairy processing, current issues related to consumers, and probiotic characteristics. We hope that this first edition can build interest among other scientists to join our future effort to write a more comprehensive book on this topic.