Edinburgh, late 1860s. Two young gentlemen, their heads buzzing with ideas and artistic ambitions, hang over North Bridge “watching the trains start southward and longing to start too,” the Walter Scott Monument a short way behind them, but their eyes fixed on the tracks leading South, to London and the Continent. In their Introduction the editors see this scene with his painter cousin as symbolically significant for Robert Louis Stevenson’s writing career. Through his connection with Europe, and especially France, he participated in an international exchange of ideas on art which led him in the 1870s to reinvent his relationship with his national literary tradition by exploring a variety of essayistic forms. He would eventually confront the shadow of the Scott Monument when he turned to novel writing in the ‘80s, but the nature of his innovations as a novelist cannot be understood without taking into account the lessons he learned in France. The papers that follow first explore the way Stevenson’s world-view and cultural background interacted with European landscape, literature and painting in that key early decade. Later chapters examine the influence of Stevenson on European writers (Proust, Cocteau, Brecht and Calvino) and on other creative artists. The volume aims to show how European culture contributed to Stevenson’s greatest achievements and then to explain why, with Stevenson ignored by Anglo-American critics for most of the twentieth century, he still remained an admired model for Europeans.