Transportation Research Record 1682 contains the following papers: Analysis of transportation management strategies for 2020 regional transportation plan (Zavattero, DA, Ward, JA and Rice, DF); Capacitated demand changes as a project evaluation measure (Gur, YJ); Plan-HOV : case-based reasoning planning tool of high-occupancy vehicle lane analysis in a geographic information system environment (Khattak, AJ and Renski, H); Video enforcement of high-occupancy vehicle lanes : field test results for I-30 in Dallas (Turner, S); High-occupancy vehicle monitoring and evaluation framework (Bracewell, D, Sayed, T and Shalaby, A); Can high-occupancy/toll lanes encourage carpooling? Case study of carpooling behavior on the 91 express lanes (Parkany, E); MUSIC project : urban traffic control for traffic demand management (Clegg, RG and Clune, AJ); Predicting change in average vehicle ridership on the basis of employer trip reduction plans (Winters, PL, Cleland, FA, Pietrzyk, MC, Burris, MW and Perez, R); Evaluating effects of transportation demand management strategies on trip generation by using poisson and negative binomial regression (Wallace, B, Mannering, F and Rutherford, GS).

The many aspects of urban transportation planning and design demand a multi faceted approach to ensure responsive, economical, and environmentally sensi tive facilities that enhance mobility. Yet all too easily the complexity of the process can obscure the major elements. This book aims at assisting the analyst to provide decision makers with a range of solutions by illustrating how service policies regarding quality of service, fares, investment levels, and environmental impacts affect and are affected by each other. This book, therefore, concentrates on the process of planning and design. It addresses the major elements of urban transportation planning, design, and impact estimation, and offers practice in undertaking typical projects. It focuses on the linkages and interaction with public policy regarding user service levels, and the resulting design and impacts. The process is illustrated by (1) outlining the individual transportation analysis and design techniques and their linkages, (2) describing the planning and design process, from population changes affect ing demand and mobility needs to estimation of air pollution and energy use impacts that are instrumental in shaping public policy and strategic planning, (3) presenting examples of transportation design projects showing how service policy may affect the physical and operational design of multimodal, urban trans portation systems, (4) enabling the readers to obtain practice in basic, applied transportation analysis, design, and impact estimation by defining the key service policy variables of projects for solution, and (5) familiarizing the reader with

Transportation Research Record contains the following papers: Cost-effectiveness of high-occupancy vehicle lanes in Texas (Daniels, G and Stockton, WR); Operating high-occupancy vehicle lanes : issues for consideration (Obenberger, J and Rupert, B); Success factors and decision issues for high-occupancy vehicle facilities (Schofer, JL and Czepiel, EJ); Are high-occupancy vehicle lanes effective? Overview of high-occupancy vehicle facilities across North America (Wellander, C and Leotta, K); Mating habits of slugs : dynamic carpool formation in the I-95/I-395 corridor of Northern Virginia (Spielberg, F and Shapiro, P); Reducing numbers of vehicle trips and vehicle miles of travel through customized travel options (Cleland, F); Effective transportation demand management : combining parking pricing, transit incentives, and transportation management in a commercial district of Portland, Oregon (Bianco, MJ); Market-based approach to customized trip-reduction program design (Cleland, F and Winters, P).

Traffic congestion on the nation's highways and streets continues to increase and affect mobility, energy conservation, and air quality. GAO evaluated federal efforts to encourage better management of the nation's highways through the use of low-cost transportation systems management techniques. Overall, GAO found that the federal government plays an important role in facilitating the local implementation of such techniques to reduce congestion and improve air quality. This role includes funding assistance, planning requirements, and technical support. These current efforts have not, however, been fully successful in achieving widespread transportation systems management--and particularly transportation demand management--usage. GAO found that: (1) TSM encompasses low-cost techniques for improving the efficiency of surface transportation, including supply management techniques, which include traffic signal coordination and ramp metering, and transportation demand management techniques, which include carpooling and vanpooling; (2) federal efforts to achieve widespread TSM usage have not been fully successful; (3) over the last decade, the actual total expenditures for TSM with federal aid has remained small relative to total allocations; (4) although the federal government has sought to promote better supply and demand management by including certain TSM projects under an incentive provision that included other operational improvements, the provision has not significantly influenced the amount of TSM implemented; (5) transportation planning requirements alone appear to be insufficient to guarantee that TSM and transportation demand management are implemented, due to local reluctance to fully embrace transportation demand management and an uncertain connection between transportation planning and any consequent project funding; (6) federal policy could further support innovative strategies to better manage traffic demand through ongoing technical assistance; and (7) due to 1990 Clean Air Act requirements, the need for technical assistance could increase greatly.