This book analyzes the mechanism of transnational private regulations (TPRs) in the global property investment market and the conditions of their effectiveness for sustainable urban development. In the present economy, with control over national legislation alone, state policymakers have been challenged to regulate transnational investors, markets, and issues such as global warming, financial crises, food safety risks, deforestation, and cross-border business transactions. Transgovernmental networks of regulators have assembled representatives and technical experts from national regulatory agencies, nongovernmental organizations, private firms, and business organizations. As private corporations become increasingly globalized, many forms of TPRs have emerged since the 1990s for legislation, standard-setting, monitoring of compliance, and implementation of transnational rules, to respond to challenges posed by the transformation of domestic and international regulatory environments. TPRs are self-regulated, non-state, market-driven regulations. Since the emergence of TPRs, the global rule-making landscape has become dynamic. Urban development and property investment have been viewed historically as local phenomena: The regulations and standards in this field have been established and enforced by governments, local associations, and national professional bodies. However, as urban development and property investment increasingly have been globalized, the services, transactions, and investments by private firms have transcended national boundaries. For this reason, it has become difficult for states to regulate global activities through existing national legislation or international regulatory systems. As the management of new transnational issues through collaborations between various actors is unpredictable, it is necessary to examine the mechanism of TPRs in global property investment and their effectiveness for sustainable urban development.

Living sustainably is not just about preserving the wilderness or keeping nature pristine. The transition to a green economy depends on cities. Economic, technological, and cultural forces are moving people out of rural areas and into urban areas. If we are to avert climate catastrophe, we will need our cities to coexist with nature without destroying it. Urbanization holds the key to long-term sustainability, reducing per capita environmental impacts while improving economic prosperity and social inclusion for current and future generations. The Sustainable City provides a broad and engaging overview of the urban systems of the twenty-first century. It approaches urban sustainability from the perspectives of behavioral change, organizational management, and public policy, looking at case studies of existing legislation, programs, and public-private partnerships that strive to align modern urban life and sustainability. The book synthesizes the disparate strands of sustainable city planning in an approachable and applicable guide that highlights how these issues touch our lives on a daily basis, including the transportation we take, the public health systems that protect us, where our energy comes from, and what becomes of our food waste. This second edition of The Sustainable City dives deeper into the financing of sustainable infrastructure and initiatives and puts additional emphasis on the roles that individual citizens and varied stakeholders can play. It also reviews current trends in urban inequality and discusses whether a model of sustainability that embraces a multidimensional approach to development and a multistakeholder approach to decision making can foster social inclusion. It features many more examples and new international case studies spanning the globe.

Cities have experienced an unprecedented rate of growth in the last decade. More than half the world's population lives in urban areas, with the U.S. percentage at 80 percent. Cities have captured more than 80 percent of the globe's economic activity and offered social mobility and economic prosperity to millions by clustering creative, innovative, and educated individuals and organizations. Clustering populations, however, can compound both positive and negative conditions, with many modern urban areas experiencing growing inequality, debility, and environmental degradation. The spread and continued growth of urban areas presents a number of concerns for a sustainable future, particularly if cities cannot adequately address the rise of poverty, hunger, resource consumption, and biodiversity loss in their borders. Intended as a comparative illustration of the types of urban sustainability pathways and subsequent lessons learned existing in urban areas, this study examines specific examples that cut across geographies and scales and that feature a range of urban sustainability challenges and opportunities for collaborative learning across metropolitan regions. It focuses on nine cities across the United States and Canada (Los Angeles, CA, New York City, NY, Philadelphia, PA, Pittsburgh, PA, Grand Rapids, MI, Flint, MI, Cedar Rapids, IA, Chattanooga, TN, and Vancouver, Canada), chosen to represent a variety of metropolitan regions, with consideration given to city size, proximity to coastal and other waterways, susceptibility to hazards, primary industry, and several other factors.

First systematic study of global cities as lawmakers in the world of transnational climate change governance.

In 1996, the UN conference on human settlements (habitat II) was held in Turkey (Istanbul), where the Istanbul Declaration on human settlements was adopted. It notes that: "Problems related to human settlements are global in nature, but countries and regions face specific problems that require specific solutions."It is also noted that: "in order to preserve our global environment and improve the quality of life in our localities, we are committed to sustainable patterns of production, consumption, transport and human settlements development; to prevent environmental pollution; to maintain the intensity of ecosystem use and to preserve opportunities for future generations. In this regard, we will work together in a spirit of global partnership to preserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of the planet's ecosystem."The UN Secretary-General also suggested that UNEP (the UN environment programme) and habitat (the UN Centre for human settlements) should have more opportunities to work together in order to improve the effectiveness of the UN system. There are five areas in which each party can share knowledge and resources. These are: urban management and sustainability programs, remote sensing and analysis using the geographic information system (GIS), the habitat urban data program, the provision of data from the Global environmental monitoring system (gsmos) for use in habitat programs, and joint work on the preparation of guidelines for environmental planning and human settlements management.The UN motto - "One Land - one UN" speaks about the uniqueness and universality of the UN system in solving the problems of building cities and improving the quality of life. The Millennium development goals (MDGs) also address in detail the issues of environmental protection, food security, natural disasters, education, economic well-being, health and peace in cities, and ending with their proper management.It is expected that soon about 80% of the population will live in cities. Here we are talking about sustainable urban development. human-oriented. It should be a city that protects cultural heritage and does not move away from traditions, but rather enriches modernity through creativity and cultural diversity. It is a city of integration and social harmony, where society lives in peace with itself.One of the latest examples of sustainable urbanization is the China-Singapore eco-city, located in the new district of Tianjin Binhai, covering an area of 34.3 square kilometers. It should be an example of efficient use of energy and resources while maintaining economic efficiency and social harmony.A $ 16 million grant from the Global environment facility (GEF) was allocated for its development, which is only a small part of the cost. The world Bank will assist local governments in developing policies, as well as regulatory, institutional and financial mechanisms. It is assumed that by 2020, 350 thousand people will live in the eco-city.It should be noted that since cars are the fastest growing source of greenhouse gas emissions, the project will contribute to the development of "green" transport, walking routes and Bicycle paths. It will also support the construction of "green" buildings by introducing energy-efficient technologies that are at a higher level than existing national ones.In order to achieve the agreed goals of Agenda 21, the Millennium Declaration and the habitat Agenda, regional cooperation in urban development must be developed.Urban development plays an important role not only in the development of the national and global economy, but also in the development of human potential. In the context of globalization, cities in Eastern Europe and Central Asia are in a difficult situation. The restructuring of global markets coincided with an internal transition process that affected the economy, social viability and environmental sustainability of these States. Almost all countries in the region face the challenges of sustainable urban development, improved urban governance, and affordable housing.Experience shows that cooperation mechanisms should be formed with broad public and political participation. Government agencies, research institutions, universities that train personnel in urban planning and human settlements development, local authorities, business associations, non-governmental organizations and trade unions should participate in this process.