A timely and comprehensive introduction to CO2 heat pump theory and usage A comprehensive introduction of CO2 application in heat pump, authored by leading scientists in the field CO2 is a hot topic due to concerns over global warming and the 'greenhouse effect'. Its disposal and application has attracted considerable research and governmental interest Explores the basic theories, devices, systems and cycles and real application designs for varying applications, ensuring comprehensive coverage of a current topic CO2 heat transfer has everyday applications including water heaters, air-conditioning systems, residential and commercial heating systems, and cooling systems

A timely and comprehensive introduction to CO2 heat pump theory and usage A comprehensive introduction of CO2 application in heat pump, authored by leading scientists in the field CO2 is a hot topic due to concerns over global warming and the 'greenhouse effect'. Its disposal and application has attracted considerable research and governmental interest Explores the basic theories, devices, systems and cycles and real application designs for varying applications, ensuring comprehensive coverage of a current topic CO2 heat transfer has everyday applications including water heaters, air-conditioning systems, residential and commercial heating systems, and cooling systems

Supercritical fluids are increasingly being used in energy conversion and fluid dynamics studies for energy-related systems and applications. These new applications are contributing to both the increase of energy efficiency as well as greenhouse gas reduction. Such research is critical for scientific advancement and industrial innovations that can support environmentally friendly strategies for sustainable energy systems. The Handbook of Research on Advancements in Supercritical Fluids Applications for Sustainable Energy Systems is a comprehensive two-volume reference that covers the most recent and challenging issues and outlooks for the applications and innovations of supercritical fluids. The book first converts basic thermo-dynamic behaviors and “abnormal” properties from a thermophysical aspect, then basic heat transfer and flow properties, recent new findings of its physical aspect and indications, chemical engineering properties, micro-nano-scale phenomena, and transient behaviors in fast and critical environments. It is ideal for engineers, energy companies, environmentalists, researchers, academicians, and students studying supercritical fluids and their applications for creating sustainable energy systems.

This book covers the fundamentals and applications of carbon dioxide vapor compression refrigeration thermodynamic cycles. In particular, it presents new application areas, such as making ice and snow in the Winter Olympic Games, food cooling and refrigeration. The book explores the physical and chemical characteristics of CO2 fluid, and the unique traits of its thermodynamic cycle. The contributors explain how CO2 refrigeration is a developing, eco-friendly technology, and emphasize its importance for refrigeration and air-conditioning in the current and future market. This book is a valuable source of information for researchers, engineers and policy makers looking to expand their applicable knowledge of high-potential refrigeration technology using carbon dioxide. It is also of interest to postgraduate students and practitioners looking for an academic insight into the industry’s latest eco-friendly technologies.

As the chemical process industry is among the most energy demanding sectors, chemical engineers are endeavoring to contribute towards sustainable future. Due to the limitation of fossil fuels, the need for energy independence, as well as the environmental problem of the greenhouse gas effect, there is a large increasing interest in the research and development of chemical processes that require less capital investment and reduced operating costs and lead to high eco-efficiency. The use of heat pumps is a hot topic due to many advantages, such as low energy requirements as well as an increasing number of industrial applications. Therefore, in the current book, authors are focusing on use of heat pumps in the chemical industry, providing an overview of heat pump technology as applied in the chemical process industry, covering both theoretical and practical aspects: working principle, applied thermodynamics, theoretical background, numerical examples and case studies, as well as practical applications. The worked-out examples have been included to instruct students, engineers and process designers about how to design various heat pumps used in the industry. Reader friendly resources namely relevant equations, diagrams, figures and references that reflect the current and upcoming heat pump technologies, will be of great help to all readers from the chemical and petrochemical industry, biorefineries and other related areas.

Heat Recovery with Commercial, Institutional, and Industrial Heat Pumps presents the basic concepts and thermodynamic behavior of mechanical vapor compression and recompression. It covers both ammonia water absorption and compression/resorption heat pumps. Including theoretical and practical approaches, the book features numerous solved exercises based on real thermodynamic and climatic parameters and case studies with takeaways from on-site experiences to help the reader better identify the advantages and limitations of each heat pumping technology. The book discusses future implementations of heat recovery heat pump technologies that are among the most energy-efficient and environmentally friendly techniques. This book will interest graduate students studying HVAC, thermal systems, and heat pumps. It will also benefit professionals working with heat pumps, industrial process engineers, manufacturers, and research and design personnel.

Heat pumps (HPs) allow for providing heat without direct combustion, in both civil and industrial applications. They are very efficient systems that, by exploiting electrical energy, greatly reduce local environmental pollution and CO2 global emissions. The fact that electricity is a partially renewable resource and because the coefficient of performance (COP) can be as high as four or more, means that HPs can be nearly carbon neutral for a full sustainable future. The proper selection of the heat source and the correct design of the heat exchangers is crucial for attaining high HP efficiencies. Heat exchangers (also in terms of HP control strategies) are hence one of the main elements of HPs, and improving their performance enhances the effectiveness of the whole system. Both the heat transfer and pressure drop have to be taken into account for the correct sizing, especially in the case of mini- and micro-geometries, for which traditional models and correlations can not be applied. New models and measurements are required for best HPs system design, including optimization strategies for energy exploitation, temperature control, and mechanical reliability. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach of the analysis is requested and become the future challenge.