Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development

Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development
Title Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development PDF eBook
Author Brian L. Nelms
Publisher Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Pages 227
Release 2010
Genre Science
ISBN 161504048X

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The neural crest is a remarkable embryonic population of cells found only in vertebrates and has the potential to give rise to many different cell types contributing throughout the body. These derivatives range from the mesenchymal bone and cartilage comprising the facial skeleton, to neuronal derivatives of the peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous systems, to melanocytes throughout the body, and to smooth muscle of the great arteries of the heart. For these cells to correctly progress from an unspecifi ed, nonmigratory population to a wide array of dynamic, differentiated cell types-some of which retain stem cell characteristics presumably to replenish these derivatives-requires a complex network of molecular switches to control the gene programs giving these cells their defi ning structural, enzymatic, migratory, and signaling capacities. This review will bring together current knowledge of neural crest-specifi c transcription factors governing these progressions throughout the course of development. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional control in differentiation will aid in strategies designed to push undifferentiated cells toward a particular lineage, and unraveling these processes will help toward reprogramming cells from a differentiated to a more naive state. Table of Contents: Introduction / AP Genes / bHLH Genes / ETS Genes / Fox Genes / Homeobox Genes / Hox Genes / Lim Genes / Pax Genes / POU Domain Genes / RAR/RXR Genes / Smad Genes / Sox Genes / Zinc Finger Genes / Other Miscellaneous Genes / References / Author Biographies

The Neural Crest

The Neural Crest
Title The Neural Crest PDF eBook
Author Nicole Le Douarin
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Pages 494
Release 1999-11-28
Genre Medical
ISBN 9780521620109

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This 1999 edition of The Neural Crest contains comprehensive information about the neural crest, a structure unique to the vertebrate embryo, which has only a transient existence in early embryonic life. The ontogeny of the neural crest embodies the most important issues in developmental biology, as the neural crest is considered to have played a crucial role in evolution of the vertebrate phylum. Data that analyse neural crest ontogeny in murine and zebrafish embryos have been included in this revision. This revised edition also takes advantage of recent advances in our understanding of markers of neural crest cell subpopulations, and a full chapter is now devoted to cell lineage analysis. The major research breakthrough since the first edition has been the introduction of molecular biology to neural crest research, enabling an elucidation of many molecular mechanisms of neural crest development. This book is essential reading for students and researchers in developmental biology, cell biology, and neuroscience.

Neural Crest Stem Cells

Neural Crest Stem Cells
Title Neural Crest Stem Cells PDF eBook
Author Maya Sieber-Blum
Publisher World Scientific
Pages 169
Release 2012
Genre Medical
ISBN 9814343803

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Offers readers an understanding of the development of neural crest cells, which is crucial as many birth defects and tumours are of neural crest origin. Delving into stem cells from different locations of the body, this book explores the best possible source of such cells for the use in medical applications.

The Enteric Nervous System

The Enteric Nervous System
Title The Enteric Nervous System PDF eBook
Author John Barton Furness
Publisher
Pages 312
Release 1987
Genre Medical
ISBN

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The Neural Crest in Development and Evolution

The Neural Crest in Development and Evolution
Title The Neural Crest in Development and Evolution PDF eBook
Author Brian K. Hall
Publisher Springer Science & Business Media
Pages 322
Release 2013-03-14
Genre Science
ISBN 1475730640

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A discussion of the neural crest and neural crest cells, dealing with their discovery, their embryological and evolutionary origins, their cellular derivatives - in both agnathan and jawed vertebrates or gnathostomes - and the broad topics of migration and differentiation in normal development. The book also considers what goes wrong when development is misdirected by mutations, or by exposure of embryos to exogenous agents such as drugs, alcohol, or excess vitamin A, and includes discussions of tumours and syndromes and birth defects involving neural crest cells.

The Role of Prdm1a in Zebrafish Neural Crest Development

The Role of Prdm1a in Zebrafish Neural Crest Development
Title The Role of Prdm1a in Zebrafish Neural Crest Development PDF eBook
Author Davalyn R. Powell
Publisher
Pages 147
Release 2014
Genre
ISBN

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Understanding how cell fate decisions are regulated by signaling pathways and transcription factors is key to understanding how embryonic development takes place. Neural crest cells are an embryonic cell type that must undergo several cell fate choices and changes in gene expression before they are able to finally differentiate and contribute to adult tissues. Neural crest cells are formed at the border between developing neural and non-neural ectoderm in a region called the neural plate border. They are induced by several signaling factors and specified by the expression of transcription factors which will form a gene regulatory network for their development and control subsequent programs within the neural crest cells such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration, and differentiation, which are required for proper development of the embryo. One transcription factor that is required for neural crest specification is the PR/SET domain containing transcription factor Prdm1a. The goal of this thesis is to explore the mechanisms by which Prdm1a regulates genes required for neural crest specification and migration. Prdm1a is expressed in the early neural plate border, and when its expression is abrogated, neural crest cells are significantly reduced. Here, I have demonstrated that Prdm1a is downstream of known signaling pathways that induce neural crest cells, specifically Wnt and Notch signaling. Prdm1a directly activates the expression of the neural crest specification genes foxd3 and tfap2a, which are also required for neural crest formation. In addition to its role as a transcriptional activator, Prdm1a is also required as a transcriptional repressor of yet unknown targets and this role is required for specified neural crest cells to continue development to migratory stages. Using whole-genome and transcriptome approaches, I was able to identify several novel targets of Prdm1a regulation, demonstrating its role as a master regulator of several genetic programs required for the formation of the neural crest and possibly other tissues as well including the neural plate and sensory placodes. Interestingly, one of the downstream targets of the Prdm1a regulatory network is a cell adhesion gene, cdon. I have demonstrated a novel role for cdon as a cell-autonomous regulator of neural crest motility and migration. Altogether, this work demonstrates the importance of the Prdm1a transcription factor and how Prdm1a and its downstream gene regulatory network influences and controls neural crest cell fate.

Transcription Factors in the Nervous System

Transcription Factors in the Nervous System
Title Transcription Factors in the Nervous System PDF eBook
Author Gerald Thiel
Publisher John Wiley & Sons
Pages 505
Release 2006-05-12
Genre Science
ISBN 3527607366

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This first book to cover neural development, neuronal survival and function on the genetic level outlines promising approaches for novel therapeutic strategies in fighting neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Focusing on transcription factors, the text is clearly divided into three sections devoted to transcriptional control of neural development, brain function and transcriptional dysregulation induced neurological diseases. With a chapter written by Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, this is essential reading for neurobiologists, geneticists, biochemists, cell biologists, neurochemists and molecular biologists.