Many wetlands around the world act as sinks for pollutants, in particular for trace elements. In comparison to terrestrial environments, wetlands are still far less studied. A collaborative effort among world experts, this book brings the current knowledge concerning trace elements in temporary waterlogged soils and sediments together. It discusses factors controlling the dynamics and release kinetics of trace elements and their underlying biogeochemical processes. It also discusses current technologies for remediating sites contaminated with trace metals, and the role of bioavailability in risk assessment and regulatory decision making. This book is intended for professionals around the world in disciplines related to contaminant bioavailability in aquatic organisms, contaminant fate and transport, remediation technologies, and risk assessment of aquatic and wetland ecosystems.

Many wetlands around the world act as sinks for pollutants, in particular for trace elements. In comparison to terrestrial environments, wetlands are still far less studied. A collaborative effort among world experts, this book brings the current knowledge concerning trace elements in temporary waterlogged soils and sediments together. It discusses factors controlling the dynamics and release kinetics of trace elements and their underlying biogeochemical processes. It also discusses current technologies for remediating sites contaminated with trace metals, and the role of bioavailability in risk assessment and regulatory decision making. This book is intended for professionals around the world in disciplines related to contaminant bioavailability in aquatic organisms, contaminant fate and transport, remediation technologies, and risk assessment of aquatic and wetland ecosystems.

Trace elements occur naturally in soils and some are essential nutrients for plant growth as well as human and animal health. However, at elevated levels, all trace elements become potentially toxic. Anthropogenic input of trace elements into the natural environment therefore poses a range of ecological and health problems. As a result of their persistence and potential toxicity, trace elements continue to receive widespread scientific and legislative attention. Trace Elements in Soils reviews the latest research in the field, providing a comprehensive overview of the chemistry, analysis, fate and regulation of trace elements in soils, as well as remediation strategies for contaminated soil. The book is divided into four sections: • Basic principles, processes, sampling and analytical aspects: presents an overview including general soil chemistry, soil sampling, analysis, fractionation and speciation. • Long-term issues, impacts and predictive modelling: reviews major sources of metal inputs, the impact on soil ecology, trace element deficient soils and chemical speciation modelling. • Bioavailability, risk assessment and remediation: discusses bioavailability, regulatory limits and cleanup technology for contaminated soils including phytoremediation and trace element immobilization. • Characteristics and behaviour of individual elements Written as an authoritative guide for scientists working in soil science, geochemistry, environmental science and analytical chemistry, the book is also a valuable resource for professionals involved in land management, environmental planning, protection and regulation.

Abstract: Surface materials eroded during land disturbance are increasingly recognized as an important non-point source contaminant that affects water quality and increases the infilling rates of waterways. This study examines: 1) the use of trace element concentrations as a tracer of materials eroded from soils, and 2) the relation between changes in land use and sediment yield. This study examines adjoining drainages (Eversole Run, ER and the unnamed tributary, UT) that empty into an embayment of O'Shaughnessy Reservoir (built in 1920, northwest of Columbus, Ohio). Agriculture was the dominant land use in each drainage prior to1920. Residential subdivisions dominate present land use in the UT drainage, while the ER drainage remains predominantly agricultural. ER's drainage is three times larger than that of UT. Soil samples were collected from both drainages and sediment cores were collected directly offshore each stream in the embayment. Samples were analyzed for trace and major elements using x-ray fluorescence. Sediments were also analyzed for 137Cs activity. Cu, Ga, Rb, V, Zn and Zr show consistent behaviors between soils and sediment. In non-disturbed soils, concentrations increase from upper to lower soil horizons for five of these six elements; Zr shows the opposite pattern. Elemental concentrations are similar in both the upper and lower soil horizons of disturbed soils (from residential subdivisions), approximating the mean concentration in non-disturbed soils. The sediment thicknesses offshore UT and ER were 1.62 meters and 0.73 meters, respectively, with the 137Cs peak (representing 1963-64) at 0.94 and 0.21 meters downcore, respectively. In both cores, intervals with higher trace element concentrations were deposited during times of increased residential subdivision development. Lower trace element concentrations were deposited during periods when the upper horizon of non-disturbed soils was eroded. Sediment accumulation offshore UT since 1963-64 is four times larger than accumulation off ER, due to increased erosion in the UT drainage during construction of residential subdivisions. Because of the difference in drainage areas, sediment yield (mass eroded/drainage area/time) from the more heavily developed UT drainage since 1963-64 is estimated to have been approximately ten times larger than the yield from the ER drainage.

Still the Gold Standard Resource on Trace Elements and Metals in SoilsThis highly anticipated fourth edition of the bestselling Trace Elements in Soils and Plants reflects the explosion of research during the past decade regarding the presence and actions of trace elements in the soil-plant environment. The book provides information on the biogeoch

Soils with high Ni contents occur in several parts of the world, especially in areas with ultramafic rocks which cause serious environmental impacts. This book aims to extend the knowledge on the risks and problems caused by elevated Ni contents and to cover the existing gaps on issues related to various aspects and consequences of high Ni contents in soils and plants. Nickel in Soils and Plants brings together discussions on Ni as a trace element and as a micronutrient essential for plant growth and its role in plant physiology. It analyzes the biogeochemistry of Ni at the soil plant interface, and explains its behavior in the rhizosphere resulting in Ni deficiency or toxicity, or Ni tolerance of various Ni hyperaccumulators. Included are Ni resources and sources, the origin of soil Ni, its geochemical forms in soils and their availability to plants, a special reference on soils enriched with geogenic Ni, such as serpentine soils, and the special characteristics of those ecosystems. Recent advancements in methods of Ni speciation, including the macroscale and X- ray absorption spectroscopy studies as well as serious views on Ni kinetics, are also covered. Written by a team of internationally recognized researchers and expert contributors, this comprehensive work addresses the practical aspects of managing Ni in soils and plants for agricultural production, and managing soils with high Ni levels by using organic and inorganic amendments. The text also addresses practical measures related to Ni toxicity in plants, the removal and recovery of Ni from high Ni wastes, and offers environmentally friendly innovative processes for mining Ni from soils containing high Ni levels.