Exclusively planned tourism destinations have increased substantially over the last decades. As a result, gated leisure communities, all-inclusive resorts, private cruise liner-owned island and other tourism enclaves are rather common features in tourism, especially in the peripheries and low- and middle-income countries. Tourism enclaves can have varied characteristics and scales of operations but typically they involve standardized ‘non-local’ themes or appeal in their design, activities and economies. Typically, such tourism spaces contain all or a vast majority of facilities and services needed for tourists who have limited possibilities or desires to leave the enclave. At the same time, the locals’ access to these spaces is often limited or otherwise regulated. Thus, enclave tourism spaces are controlled and separated from surrounding communities. Tourism Enclaves: Geographies of Exclusive Spaces in Tourism focuses on tourism enclaves in different theoretical and geographical contexts. The chapters of the book aim to contribute to our understanding of how these exclusive spaces are created and transformed and how they shape places and place identities. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal Tourism Geographies.

Exclusively planned tourism destinations have increased substantially over the last decades. As a result, gated leisure communities, all-inclusive resorts, private cruise liner-owned island and other tourism enclaves are rather common features in tourism, especially in the peripheries and low- and middle-income countries. Tourism enclaves can have varied characteristics and scales of operations but typically they involve standardized ‘non-local’ themes or appeal in their design, activities and economies. Typically, such tourism spaces contain all or a vast majority of facilities and services needed for tourists who have limited possibilities or desires to leave the enclave. At the same time, the locals’ access to these spaces is often limited or otherwise regulated. Thus, enclave tourism spaces are controlled and separated from surrounding communities. Tourism Enclaves: Geographies of Exclusive Spaces in Tourism focuses on tourism enclaves in different theoretical and geographical contexts. The chapters of the book aim to contribute to our understanding of how these exclusive spaces are created and transformed and how they shape places and place identities. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal Tourism Geographies.

Taking a global and multidisciplinary approach, The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism examines the world travel and tourism industry, which is expected to grow at an annual rate of four percent for the next decade.

Tourism has long been considered a source of social inequality, and as the industry continues to expand rapidly there is an increasing need for a better understanding of its consequences. Providing a synthesis of tourism as a source of injustice, Tourism and Inequality addresses a wide range of interrelated forms of inequality, investigating its association with class, nation, ethnicity, race, gender, disability and age. Chapters examine routes towards social justice and initiatives that aim to advance poverty alleviation, fair trade, ethics and human rights. The analysis of a wide variety of case studies from around the world allows an exploration into the ways that tourism can be used positively to alleviate the impacts of social injustice. Providing a unique multidisciplinary perspective, the authors aim to lead the way towards a more socially responsible future for tourism practice. This book provides a useful resource for students of tourism and tourism management, as well as industry professionals and policy makers.

Academically complex and challenging to apply, development and planning are increasingly relevant to the growing tourism industry. This collection contains critical studies on tourism development and planning, and calls for proactive, holistic and responsible thinking. It addresses conceptual and contemporary issues in development and planning research including political trust, innovation networks, sustainability, moral encounters, enclavisation and evolutionary economics. It argues that recognition of the contextual and historical dimensions around tourism development and planning is essential to help both researchers and practitioners better understand destination and place-based decision-making. In addition, it will lead to improvements in stakeholder relations, and explains how tourism best works with localities and localities with tourism. This book was originally published as a special issue of Tourism Geographies.

The Routledge Handbook of Borders and Tourism examines the multiple and diverse relationships between global tourism and political boundaries. With contributions from international, leading thinkers, this book offers theoretical frameworks for understanding borders and tourism and empirical examples from borderlands throughout the world. This handbook provides comprehensive overview of historical and contemporary thinking about evolving national frontiers and tourism. Tourism, by definition, entails people crossing borders of various scales and is manifested in a wide range of conceptualizations of human mobility. Borders significantly influence tourism and determine how the industry grows, is managed, and manifests on the ground. Simultaneously, tourism strongly affects borders, border laws, border policies, and international relations. This book highlights the traditional relationships between borders and tourism, including borders as attractions, barriers, transit spaces, and determiners of tourism landscapes. It offers deeper insights into current thinking about space and place, mobilities, globalization, citizenship, conflict and peace, trans-frontier cooperation, geopolitics, "otherness" and here versus there, the heritagization of borders and memory-making, biodiversity, and bordering, debordering, and rebordering processes. Offering an unparalleled interdisciplinary glimpse at political boundaries and tourism, this handbook will be an essential resource for all students and researchers of tourism, geopolitics and border studies, geography, anthropology, sociology, history, international relations, and global studies.

This book analyzes a broad variety of tourism products in China, Asia and Europe that employ both cutting-edge IT technologies and advanced methodologies. These products are cultural tourism, recreational tourism, sport tourism, adventure tourism, medical tourism and more. Authors from different areas contributed to the book, including academic researchers, graduate students, government administrators and industry practitioners. The book covers the entire chain of tourism product business processes: product development and improvement, tourist behavior analysis, marketing and sales, customer service, etc. In addition, it addresses related issues such as tourism sustainability, policymaking, environmental protection and human resource development. Big data processing, data mining, visual content analysis and textural content analysis, semantic nets and sentiment analysis are among the cutting-edge technological tools used to study tourism product development here. The book gathers selected papers from the 9th International Conference on Tourism and Hospitality between China and Spain (www.china-spain.org) with participants from 18 countries. Though the book is mainly intended for researchers and policymakers, it will also appeal to a wider audience, due to its first-hand content, insightful analysis and broad geographic coverage.