Excerpt from Topographic Maps and Sketch Mapping The demand for instruction in map reading and sketch mapping, brought about by the Great War, has led to the development of a course on this subject in many of our colleges and technical schools which have assisted in preparing men for the various officers' training camps. Outside of the purely military field our universities have in the past found it necessary to develop a course of this character for students in Geology and Physiography who are required to make extensive use of topographic maps. In recent years the development of the automobile and the camping habit has led to a more extensive use of maps by the general public, and a large number of people have "discovered" our own United States Geological Survey Maps, but are still unable to understand them completely and to make the fullest possible use of them. It will doubtless be necessary in the future for many educational institutions to continue instruction in this subject for students taking reserve officers and other military training courses in connection with their regular college work. Furthermore it seems probable that in many of our institutions the demand and necessity for such a course will lead to its inclusion as a regular academic study, given perhaps as a part of the instruction in Geology or Geography, or as a separate course under Civil Engineering. It is with this idea in view that this volume has been prepared. A large number of educated people have never learned to use topographic maps because it has been the general opinion that considerable mathematical knowledge was necessary. This is far from true. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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Geocomputation with R is for people who want to analyze, visualize and model geographic data with open source software. It is based on R, a statistical programming language that has powerful data processing, visualization, and geospatial capabilities. The book equips you with the knowledge and skills to tackle a wide range of issues manifested in geographic data, including those with scientific, societal, and environmental implications. This book will interest people from many backgrounds, especially Geographic Information Systems (GIS) users interested in applying their domain-specific knowledge in a powerful open source language for data science, and R users interested in extending their skills to handle spatial data. The book is divided into three parts: (I) Foundations, aimed at getting you up-to-speed with geographic data in R, (II) extensions, which covers advanced techniques, and (III) applications to real-world problems. The chapters cover progressively more advanced topics, with early chapters providing strong foundations on which the later chapters build. Part I describes the nature of spatial datasets in R and methods for manipulating them. It also covers geographic data import/export and transforming coordinate reference systems. Part II represents methods that build on these foundations. It covers advanced map making (including web mapping), "bridges" to GIS, sharing reproducible code, and how to do cross-validation in the presence of spatial autocorrelation. Part III applies the knowledge gained to tackle real-world problems, including representing and modeling transport systems, finding optimal locations for stores or services, and ecological modeling. Exercises at the end of each chapter give you the skills needed to tackle a range of geospatial problems. Solutions for each chapter and supplementary materials providing extended examples are available at https://geocompr.github.io/geocompkg/articles/.