Through a study of tombs and burial customs in Rome and its surroundings, this volume demonstrates that the third century was an exciting period of experimentation and creativity, and that ambition continued to be a driving force in all social classes, who paved the way for the new system of late antiquity.

This book analyzes the architecture of columbarium tombs and explains their unique design with the particular social experience of their non-elite occupants.

The most comprehensive book on Roman burial practices—now available in paperback Never before available in paperback, J. M. C. Toynbee's study is the most comprehensive book on Roman burial practices. Ranging throughout the Roman world from Rome to Pompeii, Britain to Jerusalem—Toynbee's book examines funeral practices from a wide variety of perspectives. First, Toynbee examines Roman beliefs about death and the afterlife, revealing that few Romans believed in the Elysian Fields of poetic invention. She then describes the rituals associated with burial and mourning: commemorative meals at the gravesite were common, with some tombs having built-in kitchens and rooms where family could stay overnight. Toynbee also includes descriptions of the layout and finances of cemeteries, the tomb types of both the rich and poor, and the types of grave markers and monuments as well as tomb furnishings.

Explores four key questions around Roman funerary customs that change our view of the society and its values.

The first complete history of the Altar of Peace dedicated in ancient Rome to the emperor Augustus Caesar. The monument was restored under the auspices of Benito Mussolini in 1938 to commemorate the bi-millennial birth of Augustus. It is now being refurbished in the Ara Pacis museum in Rome by the American architect Richard Meier. The author disputes the date of this monument, as well as the integrity of the reconstruction, He brings an avalanche of evidence to bear on its reassignment as a commemorative monument assembled not under the reign of Augustus but rather under that of his successor, the emperor Tiberius. The author also offers new interpretation of the iconography of the many relief sculptures that adorn the monument.

In Gardens of the Roman Empire, the pioneering archaeologist Wilhelmina F. Jashemski sets out to examine the role of ancient Roman gardens in daily life throughout the empire. This study, therefore, includes for the first time, archaeological, literary, and artistic evidence about ancient Roman gardens across the entire Roman Empire from Britain to Arabia. Through well-illustrated essays by leading scholars in the field, various types of gardens are examined, from how Romans actually created their gardens to the experience of gardens as revealed in literature and art. Demonstrating the central role and value of gardens in Roman civilization, Jashemski and a distinguished, international team of contributors have created a landmark reference work that will serve as the foundation for future scholarship on this topic. An accompanying digital catalogue will be made available at: www.gardensoftheromanempire.org.