Halogenated derivatives of simple hydrocarbons, like chloro-and fluoromethanes and -ethanes, are important chemicals in many industries for example as working media in organi~ Rankine cycles and refrigerating pro cesses. Although there are ecological reasons against using these substances, it is expected that they cannot be substituted in all cases. But optimizing the processes in which these substances have to be used can also contribute to minimizing the possible damage. This book summarizes the extensive experimental material available on the thermodynamic properties of 16 pure and mixed halogenated hydrocarbons, so that it can easily be used both by process and design engineers. The project was initiated by the late Professor Dr.-Ing. Eberhard Bender and Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. H.D. Baehr. We would like to express our gratitude especially to Prof. Baehr for his continuing interest and to Springer-Verlag for their patience. Besides the authors, quite a large number of students contributed to the completion of the book. Among them we are most obliged to Mr. L. Hoffmann and Mr. F. Strepp for their assistance in preparing tables, diagrams and charts. We hope that this book will prove to be useful to many colleagues, and we welcome proposals, advice, and comments.

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These are the succeeding volumes of a series of books on thermodynamic properties of engineering materials prepared under the auspices of the State Service of Standard Reference data of the Soviet Union. Each volume is set up in the same way: Part I deals with a study of all necessary aspects of experimental data interpretation and analysis; Part II then presents the fundamental constants, symbols with units, and data tables. Researchers and engineers in the fields of process design, equipment development, custody transfer and safety will find these book valuable and reliable reference sources for their respective tasks.

Offers state-of-the-art information on all the major synthetic fluids, describing established products as well as highly promising experimental fluids with commercial potential. This second edition contains chapters on polyinternalolefins, polymer esters, refrigeration lubes, polyphenyl ethers, highly refined mineral oils, automotive gear oils and industrial gear oils. The book also assesses automotive, industrial, aerospace, environmental, and commercial trends in Europe, Asia, South America, and the US.

State Committee on Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR

The definitive text/reference for students, researchers and practicing engineers This book provides comprehensive coverage on refrigeration systems and applications, ranging from the fundamental principles of thermodynamics to food cooling applications for a wide range of sectoral utilizations. Energy and exergy analyses as well as performance assessments through energy and exergy efficiencies and energetic and exergetic coefficients of performance are explored, and numerous analysis techniques, models, correlations and procedures are introduced with examples and case studies. There are specific sections allocated to environmental impact assessment and sustainable development studies. Also featured are discussions of important recent developments in the field, including those stemming from the author’s pioneering research. Refrigeration is a uniquely positioned multi-disciplinary field encompassing mechanical, chemical, industrial and food engineering, as well as chemistry. Its wide-ranging applications mean that the industry plays a key role in national and international economies. And it continues to be an area of active research, much of it focusing on making the technology as environmentally friendly and sustainable as possible without compromising cost efficiency and effectiveness. This substantially updated and revised edition of the classic text/reference now features two new chapters devoted to renewable-energy-based integrated refrigeration systems and environmental impact/sustainability assessment. All examples and chapter-end problems have been updated as have conversion factors and the thermophysical properties of an array of materials. Provides a solid foundation in the fundamental principles and the practical applications of refrigeration technologies Examines fundamental aspects of thermodynamics, refrigerants, as well as energy and exergy analyses and energy and exergy based performance assessment criteria and approaches Introduces environmental impact assessment methods and sustainability evaluation of refrigeration systems and applications Covers basic and advanced (and hence integrated) refrigeration cycles and systems, as well as a range of novel applications Discusses crucial industrial, technical and operational problems, as well as new performance improvement techniques and tools for better design and analysis Features clear explanations, numerous chapter-end problems and worked-out examples Refrigeration Systems and Applications, Third Edition is an indispensable working resource for researchers and practitioners in the areas of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. It is also an ideal textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in mechanical, chemical, biochemical, industrial and food engineering disciplines.