This book offers various techniques for measurement of thermodynamic quantities of materials such as enthalpy, free energy, and entropy. Techniques described herein include calorimetry, chemical equilibria, vapour pressure, and electrochemical analysis. The book covers general and solution thermodynamics in Chapters 1 and 2, respectively, and highlights the significance of various thermodynamic quantities required for materials characterization and development in Chapter 3. The author goes on to discuss different thermodynamic measurement techniques in detail (Chapters 4-8) together with a set of more than fifty worked-out problems related to classical as well as solution thermodynamics and measurement techniques. (Chapter 9). Topics include but are not limited to the following: The significance of various thermodynamic data required for selection and characterization of materials. The physicochemical principles involved in various thermodynamic measurement and on the evaluation of thermodynamic data by phase diagram analyses. The unique combination of calorimetry and chemical equilibrium for simultaneous determination of partial molar enthalpy and partial molar free energy of hydrogen in metals and alloys. The special technique based on the combination of vapor pressure and electrical conductivity to study the effect of tellurium vapor pressure on the mode of conduction in polycrystalline cadmium telluride.

1. Introduction. -- 2. Phase Changes in Pure Component Systems: Liquids and Gases. -- 3. Phase Changes in Pure Component Systems: Liquids and Solids. -- 4. Phase Changes in Pure Component Systems: Solid and Solid. -- 5. Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium at Low Pressure. -- 6. Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium at High Pressure. -- 7. Low Pressure Gas Solubility in Liquids. -- 8. Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium. -- 9. Condensed Phases of Organic Materials: Solid-Liquid and Solid-Solid Equilibrium. -- 10. Condensed Phases of Inorganic Materials: Metallic Systems. -- 11. Condensed Phases of Inorganic Materials: Ceramic Systems. -- 12. Condensed Phases of Inorganic Materials: Molten Salts. -- 13. Measurement of Limiting Activity Coefficients Using Non-Analytical Tools. -- 14. Measurement of Limiting Activity Coefficients Using Analytical Tools. -- 15. Measurement of Interfacial Tension. -- 16. Critical Parameters.

Experimental Thermodynamics, Volume II: Experimental Thermodynamics of Non-reacting Fluids focuses on experimental methods and procedures in the study of thermophysical properties of fluids. The selection first offers information on methods used in measuring thermodynamic properties and tests, including physical quantities and symbols for physical quantities, thermodynamic definitions, and definition of activities and related quantities. The text also describes reference materials for thermometric fixed points, temperature measurement under pressures, and pressure measurements. The publication takes a look at absolute measurement of volume and equation of state of gases at high temperatures and low or moderate temperatures. Discussions focus on volumes of cubes of fused silica, density of water, and methods of measuring pressure. The text also examines the compression of liquids and thermodynamic properties and velocity of sound, including thermodynamics of volume changes, weight methods, and adiabatic compression. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the thermophysical properties of fluids.

Thermal and Rheological Measurement Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization, Second Edition covers thermal and rheological measurement techniques, including their principle working methods, sample preparation and interpretation of results. This important reference is an ideal source for materials scientists and industrial engineers who are working with nanomaterials and need to know how to determine their properties and behaviors. - Outlines key characterization techniques to determine the thermal and rheological behavior of different nanomaterials - Explains how the thermal and rheological behavior of nanomaterials affect their usage - Provides a method-orientated approach that explains how to successfully use each technique

Integrates fundamental concepts with experimental data and practical applications, including worked examples and end-of-chapter problems.

This volume is a collection of papers, mostly state-of-the-art reviews, describing main topics of current research in Applied Thermodynamics. The papers deal with measurements of thermodynamic properties which are important for process design in chemical and related industries as well as for theoretical investigations of pure fluids and mixtures. Besides measuring techniques, methods are reviewed for the processing and correlation of experimental data.

Temperature * General temperature measurement considerations * Invasive temperature measurement * Semi-invasive temperature measurement * Non-invasive temperature measurement * Temperature measurement technique selection * Heat flux measurement * Conclusions.