The thermochemistry of alloys has interested generations of scientists and the subject was treated in classical textbooks long ago, e.g. by Hume-Rothery, by Wagner, and by Kubaschewski and Alcock. Nevertheless, the appearance of new materials and the desire to improve traditional materials and metallurgical processes has kept up demand for more information on the thermodynamics of these systems. The advent of computing power has created new opportunities to tie various aspects and properties together, such as phase diagrams and thermodynamic functions, that are in principle thermodynamically inter related but were too cumbersome to work out before. The computer has also been a powerful tool in buUding and testing models that help to explain the underlying causes of non-ideal behavior. At the same time, these calculations have pinpointed areas, where additional and more accurate data are needed. In the laboratory, new methods, improved materials, and sophistica ted instrumentation have gradually changed the way in which experiments are done. Within the time span of perhaps thirty years, the development went from jotting down individual readings of data points to strip chart recording to automatic digital data acquisition. Scholars and students active in the field of "Thermochemistry of Alloys" convened for a NATO Advanced Study Institute at Kiel in August 1987 to discuss these developments. This book collects most of the lectures and seminar papers given at the Institute.

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Thermodynamics of Alloys

This book is intended for scientists, researchers, and graduate students interested in solutions in general, and solutions of metals in particular. Readers are assumed to have a good background in thermodynamics, presented in such books as those cited at the end of Chapter 1, "Thermo dynamic Background." The contents of the book are limited to the solutions of metals + metals, and metals + metalloids, but the results are also appli cable to numerous other types of solutions encountered by metallurgists, materials scientists, geologists, ceramists, and chemists. Attempts have been made to cover each topic in depth with numerical examples whenever necessary. Chapter 2 presents phase equilibria and phase diagrams as related to the thermodynamics of solutions. The emphasis is on the binary diagrams since the ternary diagrams can be understood in terms of the binary diagrams coupled with the phase rule, and the Gibbs energies of mixing. The cal culation of thermodynamic properties from the phase diagrams is not emphasized because such a procedure generally yields mediocre results. Nevertheless, the reader can readily obtain thermodynamic data from phase diagrams by reversing the detailed process of calculation of phase diagrams from thermodynamic data. Empirical rules on phase stability are given in this chapter for a brief and clear understanding of the physical and atomistic factors underlying the alloy phase formation.

Synthetic organic chemistry is currently advancing in many new and exciting directions. Formation of C-H, C-O and C-C bonds with high diastero- and enantio-selectivity is still emerging; and as methods such as these develop, sythetic strategies to complex organic molecules follow. By being able to make structural entities at will, the prospect for understanding molecular function,"

Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry: Recent Advances, Techniques and Applications, Volume Six, Second Edition, presents the latest in a series that has been well received by the thermal analysis and calorimetry community. This volume covers recent advances in techniques and applications that complement the earlier volumes. There has been tremendous progress in the field in recent years, and this book puts together the most high-impact topics selected for their popularity by new editors Sergey Vyazovkin, Nobuyoshi Koga and Christoph Schick—all editors of Thermochimica Acta. Among the important new techniques covered are biomass conversion; sustainable polymers; polymer nanocompsoties; nonmetallic glasses; phase change materials; propellants and explosives; applications to pharmaceuticals; processes in ceramics, metals, and alloys; ionic liquids; fast-scanning calorimetry, and more. - Features 19 all-new chapters to bring readers up to date on the current status of the field - Provides a broad overview of recent progress in the most popular techniques and applications - Includes chapters authored by a recognized leader in each field and compiled by a new team of editors, each with at least 20 years of experience in the field of thermal analysis and calorimetry - Enables applications across a wide range of modern materials, including polymers, metals, alloys, ceramics, energetics and pharmaceutics - Overviews the current status of the field and summarizes recent progress in the most popular techniques and applications