Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.

Advances in itch research have elucidated differences between itch and pain but have also blurred the distinction between them. There is a long debate about how somatic sensations including touch, pain, itch, and temperature sensitivity are encoded by the nervous system. Research suggests that each sensory modality is processed along a fixed, direct-line communication system from the skin to the brain. Itch: Mechanisms and Treatment presents a timely update on all aspects of itch research and the clinical treatment of itch that accompanies many dermatological conditions including psoriasis, neuropathic itch, cutaneous t-cells lymphomas, and systemic diseases such as kidney and liver disease and cancer. Composed of contributions from distinguished researchers around the world, the book explores topics such as: Neuropathic itch Peripheral neuronal mechanism of itch The role of PAR-2 in neuroimmune communication and itch Mrgprs as itch receptors The role of interleukin-31 and oncostatin M in itch and neuroimmune communication Spinal coding of itch and pain Spinal microcircuits and the regulation of itch Examining new findings on cellular and molecular mechanisms, the book is a compendium of the most current research on itch, its prevalence in society, and the problems associated with treatment.

Thoroughly revised, the new edition of this companion to Brenner & Rector’s The Kidney equips you with today’s guidance to effectively manage renal and hypertension patients. International authorities emphasize the specifics of treatment while presenting field-tested advice on the best therapeutic strategies available. New chapters reflect the latest evidence impacting current clinical issues, while a new design helps you reference the information more easily. Presents the most comprehensive text available on nephrology and hypertension treatment for a convenient single source that is easy to consult. Features the evidence-based guidance of leading authorities for making more informed clinical decisions. Offers in-depth discussions and referenced coverage of key trials to help you analyze the results and the evidence provided. Provides treatment algorithms and tables of commonly used drugs in each chapter for quick-access expert advice on arriving at the best and most appropriate treatment regimen. Offers new chapters on erectile and sexual dysfunction, transplant immunology and immunosuppression, dietary salt restriction, and systematic vasculitis and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis that reflect new evidence impacting current clinical issues. Presents the contributions of newly assigned section editors—authorities in their subspecialty fields—who offer you the benefit of their practice-proven expertise. Provides rationales for the therapies presented to help you choose the most effective treatment for each patient.

'Where are all these kidney patients coming from? A Atchley and others studied the effects of hypertension, endocarditis, and circulatory diseases on the kidney and few years ago we never heard of kidney disease and now you are speaking of patients in the hundreds of thou spawned successive generations of alert clinical investi sands and indeed potentially millions'. My reply, not gators who began to chronicle the natural histories of a meant to be grim, was 'From the cemetery, Sir'. This is wide variety of kidney diseases. Quantitative studies of a summary of some Congressional testimony I once renal function flourished under a school headed by Homer Smith, and surprisingly precise techniques were gave on behalf of extending kidney disease under Medi care. Where indeed were all the patients with kidney developed for studying a whole range of explicit nephron disease in the United States before World War II? They functions. Imagine the joy with the advent of catheteri were certainly not under the care of Nephrologists! zation to be able to apply extraction ratios and the Fick Nephrology was not listed in the questionnaires for any principle in a precise way to an organ such as the kidney State or the American Medical Association as a subspe by sampling arterial blood, venous blood and the output of the urine! One had a quantitative handle on the entire cialty or even as a special interest.

This manual contains protocols and guidance documents assembled by the authors during many years of clinical experience in nephrology. Many are not evidence-based but we have found them useful and hope that others will do likewise. The recommendations were made on the basis of clinical trials wherever possible. In the absence of relevant clinical trials, we used evidence available or our personal experience. Our aim was to provide a manual for the treatment of the most frequent kidney diseases or disorders related to the practice of Nephrology. The information may be of use to nephrologists, general internists, general practitioners or medical students.

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy provides concise, evidence-based, bedside guidance for the management of critically ill patients with acute renal failure, offering quick reference answers to clinicians' questions about treatments and situations encountered in daily practice.

Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.