The Civil War in Nicaragua

The Civil War in Nicaragua
Title The Civil War in Nicaragua PDF eBook
Author Roger Miranda
Publisher Transaction Publishers
Pages 334
Release 1992-03-01
Genre Political Science
ISBN 9781412819688

Download The Civil War in Nicaragua Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

"The conflict in Nicaragua is one of the leastunderstood struggles of the Cold War. . . . This account clarifies the central issue and dispelsmany lingering myths." --Zbigniew Breinski,National Security Advisor during the Carter administration

Washington's War on Nicaragua

Washington's War on Nicaragua
Title Washington's War on Nicaragua PDF eBook
Author Holly Sklar
Publisher South End Press
Pages 484
Release 1988
Genre History
ISBN 9780896082953

Download Washington's War on Nicaragua Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

An account of U.S. policy from the Sandinista revolution through the Iran-contra scandal and beyond. Sklar shows how the White House sabotaged peace negoatiations and sustained the deadly contra war despite public opposition, with secret U.S. special forces and an auxiliary arm of dictators, drug smugglers and death squad godfathers, and illuminates an alternative policy rooted in law and democracy.

Intellectual Foundations of the Nicaraguan Revolution

Intellectual Foundations of the Nicaraguan Revolution
Title Intellectual Foundations of the Nicaraguan Revolution PDF eBook
Author Donald C. Hodges
Publisher University of Texas Press
Pages 393
Release 1986-11-01
Genre Political Science
ISBN 0292738439

Download Intellectual Foundations of the Nicaraguan Revolution Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

In this critical study of the thought of Augusto Cesar Sandino and his followers, Donald C. Hodges has discovered a coherent ideological thread and political program, which he succeeds in tracing to Mexican and Spanish sources. Sandino's strong religious inclination in combination with his anarchosyndicalist political ideology established him as a religious seer and moral reformer as well as a political thinker and is the prototype of the curious blend of Marxism and Christianity of the late twentieth-century Nicaraguan government, the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional.

Eisenhower, Somoza, and the Cold War in Nicaragua

Eisenhower, Somoza, and the Cold War in Nicaragua
Title Eisenhower, Somoza, and the Cold War in Nicaragua PDF eBook
Author Michael D. Gambone
Publisher Praeger
Pages 270
Release 1997
Genre History
ISBN 9780275959432

Download Eisenhower, Somoza, and the Cold War in Nicaragua Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

During the Cold War era, the United States faced the prospect of expanding its power in Central America. But we miscalculated—grievously. After 1945, Central America teemed with leaders willing to alter the region's quasi-colonial status. Some, like Fidel Castro, sought out revolution to shatter the status quo. Others, like Anastasio Somoza Garcia, attempted to seek out new directions along more subtle paths. Nicaragua subsequently challenged American hegemony in a manner at once more deliberate and more dangerous than any other effort in the hemisphere. The Somoza regime, unlike its contemporaries, chose to utilize American institutions and American preferences to subvert the latter's power rather than reinforce it. American arrogance, combined with a complacent approach to policy in its global backyard, offered a myriad of political, military, and economic opportunities to a leader willing to take risks. In the years after 1945, Somoza was thus able to peel away layers of clientage until, at certain moments, he could act as a partner of his northern neighbor.

What Went Wrong? The Nicaraguan Revolution

What Went Wrong? The Nicaraguan Revolution
Title What Went Wrong? The Nicaraguan Revolution PDF eBook
Author Dan La Botz
Publisher BRILL
Pages 429
Release 2016-09-07
Genre Political Science
ISBN 9004291318

Download What Went Wrong? The Nicaraguan Revolution Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This volume is a valuable re-assessment of the Nicaraguan Revolution by a Marxist historian of Latin American political history. It shows that the FSLN (‘the Sandinistas’), with politics principally shaped by Soviet and Cuban Communism, never had a commitment to genuine democracy either within the revolutionary movement or within society at large; that the FSLN’s lack of commitment to democracy was a key factor in the way that revolution was betrayed from the 1970s to the 1990s; and that the FSLN’s lack of rank-and-file democracy left all decision-making to the National Directorate and ultimately placed that power in the hands of Daniel Ortega. Pursuing his narrative into the present, La Botz shows that, once their would-be bureaucratic ruling class project was defeated, Ortega and the FSLN leadership turned to an alliance with the capitalist class.

Reagan's War on Terrorism in Nicaragua

Reagan's War on Terrorism in Nicaragua
Title Reagan's War on Terrorism in Nicaragua PDF eBook
Author Philip W. Travis
Publisher Lexington Books
Pages 233
Release 2016-11-09
Genre History
ISBN 1498537189

Download Reagan's War on Terrorism in Nicaragua Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

During the first two years of Ronald Reagan’s second term the United States developed an offensive strategy for dealing with conflict in the developing world. Nicaragua was a primary target of this policy. Scholars refer to this as the Reagan offensive: the first time that the United States eschewed the norms of containment and sought to “roll-back” the gains of communism. However, the Reagan offensive was also significantly driven by a response to the emergent threat of international terrorism. Terrorism provided a vehicle that justified its use of aggressive proxy war and pursuit of regime change in Central America. U.S. policy with Nicaragua demonstrates the importance of terrorism to the development of a more aggressive United States in the post-Cold War world. This book examines the influence of the U.S.-Contra War in establishing a precedent for the use of overt pre-emptive force against sovereign nations in the name of counterterrorism. In the 21st century, the United States undertook a policy with the world based on a broad definition of self-defense that called for an array of actions that often violated traditional norms of international law and recognition of sovereign rights. This book demonstrates that the precedent for this change occurred in the late Cold War as the United States sought to respond to an escalation of global terrorism. The emergent problem of terrorism in the 1970s and 1980s transformed how and when the United States applied force in the world.

The Ends of Modernization

The Ends of Modernization
Title The Ends of Modernization PDF eBook
Author David Johnson Lee
Publisher Cornell University Press
Pages 166
Release 2021-08-15
Genre History
ISBN 1501756230

Download The Ends of Modernization Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The Ends of Modernization studies the relations between Nicaragua and the United States in the crucial years during and after the Cold War. David Johnson Lee charts the transformation of the ideals of modernization, national autonomy, and planned development as they gave way to human rights protection, neoliberalism, and sustainability. Using archival material, newspapers, literature, and interviews with historical actors in countries across Latin America, the United States, and Europe, Lee demonstrates how conflict between the United States and Nicaragua shaped larger international development policy and transformed the Cold War. In Nicaragua, the backlash to modernization took the form of the Sandinista Revolution which ousted President Anastasio Somoza Debayle in July 1979. In the wake of the earlier reconstruction of Managua after the devastating 1972 earthquake and instigated by the revolutionary shift of power in the city, the Sandinista Revolution incited radical changes that challenged the frankly ideological and economic motivations of modernization. In response to threats to its ideological dominance regionally and globally, the United States began to promote new paradigms of development built around human rights, entrepreneurial internationalism, indigenous rights, and sustainable development. Lee traces the ways Nicaraguans made their country central to the contest over development ideals beginning in the 1960s, transforming how political and economic development were imagined worldwide. By illustrating how ideas about ecology and sustainable development became linked to geopolitical conflict during and after the Cold War, The Ends of Modernization provides a history of the late Cold War that connects the contest between the two then-prevailing superpowers to trends that shape our present, globalized, multipolar world.