The Thirty Years War

The Thirty Years War
Title The Thirty Years War PDF eBook
Author Peter H. Wilson
Publisher Belknap Press
Pages 1038
Release 2011-10-15
Genre History
ISBN 0674062310

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A deadly continental struggle, the Thirty Years War devastated seventeenth-century Europe, killing nearly a quarter of all Germans and laying waste to towns and countryside alike. Peter Wilson offers the first new history in a generation of a horrifying conflict that transformed the map of the modern world. When defiant Bohemians tossed the Habsburg emperor’s envoys from the castle windows in Prague in 1618, the Holy Roman Empire struck back with a vengeance. Bohemia was ravaged by mercenary troops in the first battle of a conflagration that would engulf Europe from Spain to Sweden. The sweeping narrative encompasses dramatic events and unforgettable individuals—the sack of Magdeburg; the Dutch revolt; the Swedish militant king Gustavus Adolphus; the imperial generals, opportunistic Wallenstein and pious Tilly; and crafty diplomat Cardinal Richelieu. In a major reassessment, Wilson argues that religion was not the catalyst, but one element in a lethal stew of political, social, and dynastic forces that fed the conflict. By war’s end a recognizably modern Europe had been created, but at what price? The Thirty Years War condemned the Germans to two centuries of internal division and international impotence and became a benchmark of brutality for centuries. As late as the 1960s, Germans placed it ahead of both world wars and the Black Death as their country’s greatest disaster. An understanding of the Thirty Years War is essential to comprehending modern European history. Wilson’s masterful book will stand as the definitive account of this epic conflict. For a map of Central Europe in 1618, referenced on page XVI, please visit this book’s page on the Harvard University Press website.

The Economic Consequences of the Peace

The Economic Consequences of the Peace
Title The Economic Consequences of the Peace PDF eBook
Author John Maynard Keynes
Publisher Simon Publications LLC
Pages 312
Release 1920
Genre Business & Economics
ISBN 9781931541138

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John Maynard Keynes, then a rising young economist, participated in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 as chief representative of the British Treasury and advisor to Prime Minister David Lloyd George. He resigned after desperately trying and failing to reduce the huge demands for reparations being made on Germany. The Economic Consequences of the Peace is Keynes' brilliant and prophetic analysis of the effects that the peace treaty would have both on Germany and, even more fatefully, the world.

German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400-1650

German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400-1650
Title German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400-1650 PDF eBook
Author Thomas A. Brady
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Pages 497
Release 2009-07-13
Genre History
ISBN 052188909X

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This book studies the connections between the political reform of the Holy Roman Empire and the German lands around 1500 and the sixteenth-century religious reformations, both Protestant and Catholic. It argues that the character of the political changes (dispersed sovereignty, local autonomy) prevented both a general reformation of the Church before 1520 and a national reformation thereafter. The resulting settlement maintained the public peace through politically structured religious communities (confessions), thereby avoiding further religious strife and fixing the confessions into the Empire's constitution. The Germans' emergence into the modern era as a people having two national religions was the reformation's principal legacy to modern Germany.

On War

On War
Title On War PDF eBook
Author Carl von Clausewitz
Publisher
Pages 388
Release 1908
Genre Military art and science
ISBN

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Encyclopaedia Britannica

Encyclopaedia Britannica
Title Encyclopaedia Britannica PDF eBook
Author Hugh Chisholm
Publisher
Pages 1090
Release 1910
Genre Encyclopedias and dictionaries
ISBN

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This eleventh edition was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the best-known scholars of the time and it is considered to be a landmark encyclopaedia for scholarship and literary style.

The First World War

The First World War
Title The First World War PDF eBook
Author Michael Howard
Publisher Oxford University Press, USA
Pages 161
Release 2007-01-25
Genre History
ISBN 0199205590

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This Very Short Introduction provides a concise and insightful history of the Great War--from the state of Europe in 1914, to the role of the US, the collapse of Russia, and the eventual surrender of the Central Powers. Examining how and why the war was fought, as well as the historical controversies that still surround the war, Michael Howard also looks at how peace was ultimately made, and describes the potent legacy of resentment left to Germany.

Civil War in Europe, 1905–1949

Civil War in Europe, 1905–1949
Title Civil War in Europe, 1905–1949 PDF eBook
Author Stanley G. Payne
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Pages 255
Release 2011-09-19
Genre History
ISBN 1139499645

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This is the first account in any language of the civil wars in Europe during the era of the world wars, from 1905 to 1949. It treats the initial confrontations in the decade before World War I, the confusing concept of 'European civil war,' the impact of the world wars, the relation between revolution and civil war and all the individual cases of civil war, with special attention to Russia and Spain. The civil wars of this era are compared and contrasted with earlier internal conflicts, with particular attention to the factors that made this era a time of unusually violent domestic contests, as well as those that brought it to an end. The major political, ideological and social influences are all treated, with a special focus on violence against civilians.