This book describes the fate typical of most African states in the twentieth century. Efforts under colonial rule after 1945 focused on enlarged surplus extraction during that interwar period. European colonial powers lacked administrative resources, hence the economic failure of modernization, the editor asserts. The war experience contributed to the African peoples' resistance to an alien political system that neither delivered the economic goods nor provided social self-esteem in Tanzania.

In the 1960s and 1970s, in the midst of the Cold War and an international decolonization movement, development advocates believed that poverty could be ended, at home and abroad. The Global Politics of Poverty in Canada explores the relationship between poverty, democracy, and development during this remarkable period. Will Langford analyzes three Canadian development programs that unfolded on local, regional, and international scales. He reveals the interconnections of anti-poverty activism carried out by the Company of Young Canadians among Métis in northern Alberta and francophones in Montreal, by the Cape Breton Development Corporation, and by Canadian University Service Overseas in Tanzania. In dialogue with the New Left, liberal reformers committed to development programs they believed would empower the poor to confront their own poverty and thereby foster a more meaningful democracy. However, democracy and development proved to be fundamentally contested, and development programs stopped short of amending capitalist social relations and the inequalities they engendered. The Global Politics of Poverty in Canada explores how Canadians engaged in informal and formal politics in the course of their everyday lives, locally and transnationally. Langford provides an enduring record of otherwise fleeting anti-poverty programs and their effects: the lived activism and opinions of development workers and ordinary people.

3.6. Land Use Act

This is the first English-language overview of the history of Ethiopian law. It describes the main features of its unique development on the basis of indigenous customary law and Roman-Byzantine legal traditions. The study also pays attention to the codification of laws and modernization of the judicial system undertaken in the reign of Emperor Haile Sellassie (1930-1974), and to matters of procedural and court justice. Throughout, topics and areas for further research are identified.

The market places and street corners of Dar es Salaam are home to a thriving informal economy of street vendors selling secondhand clothing and other goods. These street vendors often live a precarious existence, under pressure from state authorities and international markets. In addition to these external pressures, the experiences of such vendors are also shaped by a complex interplay of internal tensions, rivalries and conflicting communal ties. Such internal dynamics are a common part of informal economies around the world, but have largely gone unrecognised and unexamined by academic scholarship. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and extensive interviews with vendors living and working in Dar es Salaam, Malefakis's book offers a nuanced portrait of those trying to carve out a livelihood in a major African city, one in which ties of kinship and ethnicity are often viewed as a barrier, rather than an aid, to success. In the process, Malefakis provides an invaluable new perspective on the way in which co-operation, or lack thereof, functions in an informal economy, as well as insight into the lived experiences of those who depend on such economies.

This volume, co-published with Dar es Salaam University Press, includes an introduction by Werner Biermann and the important subject of contextualizing poverty in Africa.