Excerpt from The State and Education, an Historical and Critical Essay With the Oriental nations of antiquity, the instruction of youth, as well as general cultivation, was intimately connected with religion, as means to an end. In India, Egypt, and Persia, the priests were the only supporters of learning, and devoted them selves exclusively to the instruction, not Of the whole people, but only of the sons of the privileged castes. Among the Jews, on the other hand, the instruction of the whole body of the youth was regarded as a national duty. In the case of none of these nations was there State education in the modern sense of the word; and the universal physical education in Persia must not be confounded with it, the instruction being usually confined within the limits of the family. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from The State and Education, an Historical and Critical Essay With the Oriental nations of antiquity, the instruction of youth, as well as general cultivation, was intimately connected with religion, as means to an end. In India, Egypt, and Persia, the priests were the only supporters of learning, and devoted themselves exclusively to the instruction, not of the whole people, but only of the sons of the privileged castes. Among the Jews, on the other hand, the instruction of the whole body of the youth was regarded as a national duty. In the case of none of these nations was there State education in the modern sense of the word; and the universal physical education in Persia must not be confounded with it, the instruction being usually confined within the limits of the family. Ancient Geeece. The only States of Greece in which some sort of State education, in the modern sense of the word, existed, were Sparta and Crete. Among the Spartans and Cretans the education of the whole youth prevailed. It was systematically organised, was carried on in public in State institutions, and was continued during the whole lifetime of the citizen, beginning in the case of the Spartans with the seventh year, while with the Cretans it began at the age of seventeen. But moral and physical education took precedence of mere instruction, and the latter was confined to the bare acquisition of the arts of reading and writing. Gymnastics, orchestics, and a simple kind of music, occupied the foremost place. Hardening of the body, strictness of morals, obedience, modesty, were deemed the highest ends of education. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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. Renewal of Life by Transmission. The most notable distinction between living and inanimate things is that the former maintain themselves by renewal. A stone when struck resists. If its resistance is greater than the force of the blow struck, it remains outwardly unchanged. Otherwise, it is shattered into smaller bits. Never does the stone attempt to react in such a way that it may maintain itself against the blow, much less so as to render the blow a contributing factor to its own continued action. While the living thing may easily be crushed by superior force, it none the less tries to turn the energies which act upon it into means of its own further existence. If it cannot do so, it does not just split into smaller pieces (at least in the higher forms of life), but loses its identity as a living thing. As long as it endures, it struggles to use surrounding energies in its own behalf. It uses light, air, moisture, and the material of soil. To say that it uses them is to say that it turns them into means of its own conservation. As long as it is growing, the energy it expends in thus turning the environment to account is more than compensated for by the return it gets: it grows. Understanding the word "control" in this sense, it may be said that a living being is one that subjugates and controls for its own continued activity the energies that would otherwise use it up. Life is a self-renewing process through action upon the environment.

Excerpt from The State: Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically This little book has made its way. In addition to the present translation into English, there are author ized editions in French, Hungarian and Serbian. I am also informed that there are translations published in Japanese, Russian, Hebrew and Yiddish; but these, of course, are pirated. The book has stood the test of criticism, and has been judged both favorably and uh favorably. It has, unquestionably, revived the discus sion on the origin and essence of the State. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Education: An Essay and Other Selections There is no better brief for a broad, human education than that presented in the writ1ng Of ediesoetour best American apostle of culture, he notes with precision the qualities which are the measure of a truly cultivatedtfiant ivith high critical power, he describes the futility and the narrowness of much that goes under theguise of human training In The. Schools, and ably de fends the larger cause of spiritual development, despite _the failures to achieve it in the class room. When Sharp competition forces us to a serious consideration of aschool training for bread winning, it is well to be told that the glorified word efficiency means spiritual efficiency as much as economic competency. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.