Six centuries before Christ, ancient Hindu philosophers had already embraced Charvaka. Their philosophy was simple: that which is real is what is real. That is, their epistemology was based on perception. Speculative inference is simply not reliable. We may be right or wrong when we begin to infer. Seeing is believing. And any other direct means of perception. So supernaturalism is not real. It is a theory without merit. Thus, no anthropomorphic gods or God. No reincarnation or afterlife of any kind. Charvaka (based on the earlier Lokayata) means that we honestly embrace reality. That is true religion: living joyfully in this world as it actually is. Living free is a wonderful ritual. Accepting the need to become mature, grownup, in our outlook on life: that is the crying need today as it was two and a half millennia ago. As we all become Charvakas, at least in part, we will begin to respect ourselves; embrace the real God: the connecting bond of life; and celebrate the gift of this place and time.As you read these nine chapters that summarize the essence of Chavarka Philosophy, ask yourself how your perspective on life compares to this one. This book is offered in the spirit of a challenge to rethink your life in the light of this ancient way. Even if you eventually conclude that it is a mistaken path, may your own journey be enriched by reading this Lokayata philosophy.

Philosophy in Indian tradition as a purely secular and rational exercise can be located in the Lokāyata/Cārvāka school of Indian philosophy. Due to the lack of substantial literary sources, scholars did not try to explore Lokāyata philosophically. The present work is the first attempt to explore the philosophical energies inherent in the scattered Cārvāka literature through critical and analytical discussions firmly grounded in textual evidences.

Reprint of the original, first published in 1882.

A book not only for every follower of the Buddha around the world but also for every person who wants to understand the Buddha. This book is a study with a heart but one where reason is allowed to be free. In any study of the historical Buddha there are two major obstacles to confront. Firstly, there are the systematic prejudices that developed against him through the centuries in his own country. Secondly, some of the fantastic myths associated with him can give pause to a modern man of science. As this book shows, however, these hurdles can be readily surmounted. This is done by responding to the Buddha's famous exhortation to "come and see" Rather than accept the Buddha blindly, the book invites readers to simply open their hearts and minds enough to examine him in a fair manner. Though the author uses the Tipitaka as his primary authority, he does not tie himself to any particular tradition. The Buddha's universal teaching came out of the Indian subcontinent's agrarian culture. He was firmly rooted in this world and not in any heavenly realms. The book takes the reader on a journey into the life and the teachings of this son of Earth-an extraordinary human being who offered his fellow humans a timeless road map to a happy life. The book also raises questions that will hopefully help to foster healthy dialogue, in the true spirit in which the Buddha wanted others to look at and follow his teaching.

Autobiographical reminiscences of a Bengali authoress.

Narrative Cultures and the Aesthetics of Religion presents the aesthetics of narrativity in religious contexts by approaching narrative acts as situated modes of engaging with reality, equally shaped by the immersive character of the stories told and the sensory qualities of their performances. Introducing narrative cultures as an integrative framework of analysis, the volume builds a bridge between classical content-based approaches to narrative sources and the aesthetic study of religions as constituted by sensory and mediated practices. Studying stories in conjunction with the role that performative acts of storytelling play in the cultivation of the senses, the contributors explore the efficacy of storytelling formats in narrative cultures from ancient times until today, in regions and cultures across the globe. Contributors are: Stefan Binder, Arianna Borrelli, Markus Altena Davidsen, Laura Feldt, Ingvild Sælid Gilhus, Dirk Johannsen, Jens Kreinath, Isabel Laack, Martin Lehnert, Brigitte Luchesi, Bastiaan van Rijn, Caroline Widmer, Annette Wilke, Katharina Wilkens.