Aging of multicellular and unicellular eukaryotic organisms is a highly complex biological phenomenon that affects a plethora of processes within cells. This wide array of longevity-defining cellular processes - which are governed by an evolutionarily conserved signaling network - includes oxidative metabolism and protein synthesis in mitochondria, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, NAD+ homeostasis, amino acid biosynthesis and degradation, ammonium and amino acid uptake, ribosome biogenesis and translation, proteasomal protein degradation, nuclear DNA replication, chromatin assembly and maintenance, actin organization, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, protein folding, stress response, signal transduction, cell cycle, and cell growth. The focus of this Frontiers Special Topic Issue is on an important conceptual advance in our understanding of how cells integrate and control these numerous processes and how genetic, dietary and pharmacological anti-aging interventions extend longevity by altering their functional states and spatiotemporal dynamics. The Issue will highlight the various strategies used by evolutionarily diverse organisms for coordinating these longevity-defining cellular processes in space and time, critically evaluate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying such coordination, and outline the most important unanswered questions and directions for future research in this vibrant and rapidly evolving field.

**Discover the Secrets to a Longer, Healthier Life with "The Longevity Paradox"** Unlock the mysteries of aging and take control of your future with "The Longevity Paradox," a comprehensive guide that delves deep into the science and strategies for extending healthspan and lifespan. Are you ready to defy the limitations of aging and live a thriving, vibrant life? **Here’s What’s Inside** **Introduction to the Longevity Paradox** Start your journey by understanding the historical and modern perspectives on longevity and healthspan. **The Biology of Aging** Explore the cellular mechanisms behind aging, including the pivotal roles of cellular senescence, telomeres, and mitochondrial function. **Genetic Factors in Longevity** Unravel the influence of key longevity genes and the exciting field of epigenetics, and learn about genetic testing for optimizing lifespan. **Diet and Nutritional Interventions** Delve into scientifically-backed dietary practices like caloric restriction, ketogenic diets, and nutritional supplements that can boost longevity. **Exercise and Physical Activity** Discover the profound impact of regular exercise, HIIT, and strength training on your aging process. **Sleep and Recovery** Learn why sleep is paramount to longevity, and get practical tips on optimizing sleep hygiene and understanding chronobiology. **Stress Management and Mindfulness** Manage stress effectively with proven techniques and embrace mindfulness and meditation for cellular rejuvenation. **Hormesis and Aging** Understand how controlled stress can be beneficial and discover practical applications of hormesis. **Pharmacological Interventions** Get insights into promising anti-aging drugs like Metformin and Rapamycin. **Advances in Regenerative Medicine** Dive into cutting-edge topics like stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and gene therapy. **The Gut Microbiome** Grasp the crucial connection between the gut and brain, and how diet and probiotics influence longevity. **Cognitive Health and Longevity** Protect your cognitive functions and promote lifelong learning and brain plasticity. **Social Connections and Longevity** Learn the significance of social relationships and community in extending lifespan. **Environmental Factors** Create a healthier living environment by understanding the impact of toxins, pollutants, and climate change. **Technological Innovations** Stay ahead with the latest in wearable health tech, personalized medicine, and AI-driven longevity research. **Ethical Considerations in Aging Research** Navigate the ethical landscape of life extension and ensure fair access to longevity treatments. **Implementing Longevity Strategies** Craft a personal longevity plan and draw inspiration from real-life case studies. **The Future of Aging** Stay informed about emerging research, trends, and how to prepare for a longevity-oriented society. Transform your approach to aging with "The Longevity Paradox" and embark on a path to a longer, healthier, and more fulfilling life. Your future self will thank you.

Aging of unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms is a convoluted biological phenomenon, which is manifested as an age-related functional decline caused by progressive dysregulation of certain cellular and organismal processes. Many chronic diseases are associated with human aging. These aging-associated diseases include cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases (including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases), and many forms of cancer. Studies in yeast, roundworms, fruit flies, fishes, mice, primates, and humans have provided evidence that the major aspects and basic mechanisms of aging and aging-associated pathology are conserved across phyla. The focus of this International Journal of Molecular Sciences Special Issue is on molecular and cellular mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapies and diseases of aging. Fifteen original research and review articles in this Special Issue provide important insights into how various genetic, dietary, and pharmacological interventions can affect certain longevity-defining cellular and organismal processes to delay aging and postpone the onset of age-related pathologies in evolutionarily diverse organisms. These articles outline the most important unanswered questions and directions for future research in the vibrant and rapidly evolving fields of mechanisms of biological aging, aging-associated diseases, and aging-delaying therapies.

The release of the complete version of the human genome sequence in 2003 has paved the way for defining gene function and genetic background for phenotypic variation in humans and allowed us to study the aging process in a new light. This new volume results from that research and focuses on the genetic and epigenetic process of aging. While the interpretation of the genome data is still in its initial stages, this new volume looks at the evolving understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in cellular processes, gene function associated with complex traits, epigenetic components involve in gene control and the creation of hypothesis-free genome-wide approaches. Longevity Genes: A Blueprint for Aging explores the genetic and genomic elements that can maintain a long life such as DNA damage mechanisms, epigenetics and the way we can use this knowledge to generate customized treatments. It touches on some of the multidisciplinary approaches as well as genomic-wide association technology used to analyze complex traits. This book describes the hunt for genes affecting complex traits using a high throughput technology, with adequate consideration for the selection of an appropriate population, applications of statistical genetics and computational biology, and most importantly, considering phenotype-genotype association studies. Longevity Genes provides coverage of not only established aspects of genetics and aging, but also new approaches and perceptions in this important area of research.

Aging of unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms is a convoluted biological phenomenon, which is manifested as an age-related functional decline caused by progressive dysregulation of certain cellular and organismal processes. Many chronic diseases are associated with human aging. These aging-associated diseases include cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases (including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases), and many forms of cancer. Studies in yeast, roundworms, fruit flies, fishes, mice, primates, and humans have provided evidence that the major aspects and basic mechanisms of aging and aging-associated pathology are conserved across phyla. The focus of this International Journal of Molecular Sciences Special Issue is on molecular and cellular mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapies and diseases of aging. Fifteen original research and review articles in this Special Issue provide important insights into how various genetic, dietary, and pharmacological interventions can affect certain longevity-defining cellular and organismal processes to delay aging and postpone the onset of age-related pathologies in evolutionarily diverse organisms. These articles outline the most important unanswered questions and directions for future research in the vibrant and rapidly evolving fields of mechanisms of biological aging, aging-associated diseases, and aging-delaying therapies.

This volume covers the major threads in the molecular genetics of aging, including genes that regulate aging, causes of aging, evolutionary theories of aging, and the relationship between diet and aging. Among specific topics covered are calorie restriction, mitochondria, sirtuins, telomeres, stem cells, and cancer.