This thesis explores the impact of the Russian Revolution on the Spanish anarchist movement in the years 1917-24. Initially, anarchists in Spain welcomed the news of the Russian Revolution euphorically. They embraced many aspects of Bolshevik ideology. The anarcho-syndicalist National Confederation of Labour participated in the first congresses of the Comintern and sent two official delegations to Russia. Yet this enthusiasm was short-lived. By the summer of 1921 anarchists began to turn against Soviet Russia. They reaffirmed their libertarian credentials and articulated an anarchist critique of Bolshevism. In June 1922, the Confederation abandoned the Comintern. This thesis traces the curve of enthusiasm followed by scepticism and hostility that characterised the Spanish libertarians’ attitude towards revolutionary Russia. It grounds these developments in the changing Spanish, Russian, and European political contexts, which went from a phase of revolutionary effervescence in 1917-20 to a phase of defeat and stagnation for the labour movement and of counterrevolutionary offensive in 1921-24. This thesis contends that the short anarchist romance with Bolshevism was not a mere misunderstanding brought about by the lack of reliable news on Russia, as much of the historiography has claimed, but represented a genuine rapprochement that had political causes: the attenuation of the divide between radical Marxists and anarchists during the First World War, the feeling of intense enthusiasm and optimism that set in after the Bolshevik victory, and the temptation to capitalise politically on the Russian Revolution and use it to outcompete the Social Democrats. The situation changed drastically after 1921, when Spanish labour experienced sudden defeat in a dispiring international juncture. Anarchists faced the unwelcome competition of the newly created Spanish Communist Party, which posed as the official representative of the Comintern in Spain. In this context, optimism turned into bitterness, preparing the ground for the turn against the Bolsheviks.

"The Spanish Anarchists and the Russian Revolution, 1917-24 explores the impact of the Russian Revolution on the world's most powerful anarchist movement, the Spanish National Confederation of Labour. The monograph traces the curve of euphoria followed by scepticism that characterized anarchist reactions to the Soviet experiment in 1917-24. The book unearths the interactions between anarchists and Bolsheviks and assesses their significance for social conflict in Spain and for the foundation of international communism. The Spanish anarchists are a window to examine the global appeal of the Bolsheviks among diverse, non-Marxist militant groups at a time of cross-fertilization for the left internationally. Through the case study of the Spanish anarchists, the book highlights how identification with the victorious Russian Bolsheviks became a rousing device and a political asset at a time of intense social effervescence, when, in the eyes of many, world revolution seemed imminent. However, for heterodox, non-Marxist forces, such as the Spanish anarchists, the Soviet model had to be negotiated and adapted to local conditions and political traditions. The book later traces the ending of this phase of cross-fertilization at a time of defeat and demoralization for the labour movement in Spain and across Europe"--

The Spanish Anarchists and the Russian Revolution, 1917–24 explores the impact of the Russian Revolution on the world’s most powerful anarchist movement, the Spanish National Confederation of Labour. The monograph traces the curve of euphoria followed by scepticism that characterized anarchist reactions to the Soviet experiment in 1917–24. This book unearths the interactions between anarchists and Bolsheviks, and assesses their significance for social conflict in Spain and for the foundation of international communism. The Spanish anarchists are a window to examine the global appeal of the Bolsheviks among diverse, non-Marxist militant groups at a time of cross-fertilization for the left internationally. Through the case study of the Spanish anarchists, this book highlights how identification with the victorious Russian Bolsheviks became a rousing device and a political asset at a time of intense social effervescence, when, in the eyes of many, world revolution seemed imminent. However, for heterodox, non-Marxist forces, such as the Spanish anarchists, the Soviet model had to be negotiated and adapted to local conditions and political traditions. This book later traces the ending of this phase of cross-fertilization at a time of defeat and demoralization for the labour movement in Spain and across Europe.

Analyzes the revolutionary upsurge on the land and in the factories leading to the Spanish civil war and how the Stalinists' course ensured a fascist victory.

Anarchists who supported the Cuban War for Independence in the 1890s launched a transnational network linking radical leftists from their revolutionary hub in Havana, Cuba to South Florida, Puerto Rico, Panama, the Panama Canal Zone, and beyond. Over three decades, anarchists migrated around the Caribbean and back and forth to the US, printed fiction and poetry promoting their projects, transferred money and information across political borders for a variety of causes, and attacked (verbally and physically) the expansion of US imperialism in the 'American Mediterranean'. In response, US security officials forged their own transnational anti-anarchist campaigns with officials across the Caribbean. In this sweeping new history, Kirwin R. Shaffer brings together research in anarchist politics, transnational networks, radical journalism and migration studies to illustrate how men and women throughout the Caribbean basin and beyond sought to shape a counter-globalization initiative to challenge the emergence of modern capitalism and US foreign policy whilst rejecting nationalist projects and Marxist state socialism.